Quasiconformal maps, analytic capacity, and non linear potentials

Quasiconformal mappings in the complex plane (30C62) Potentials and capacity, harmonic measure, extremal length and related notions in two dimensions (31A15)

Abstract: In this paper we prove that if

p h i : C o C

is a

K

-quasiconformal map, with

K > 1

, and

E s u b s e t C

is a compact set contained in a ball

B

, then

frac{dot C_{frac{2K}{2K+1},frac{2K+1}{K+1}}(E)}{diam(B)^{frac2{K+1}}} geq c^{-1} (frac{gamma(phi(E))}{diam(phi(B))})^{frac{2K}{K+1}},

where

g a m m a

stands for the analytic capacity and

d o t C_{f r a c 2 K 2 K + 1, f r a c 2 K + 1 K + 1}

is a capacity associated to a non linear Riesz potential. As a consequence, if

E

is not

K

-removable (i.e. removable for bounded

K

-quasiregular maps), it has positive capacity

d o t C_{f r a c 2 K 2 K + 1, f r a c 2 K + 1 K + 1}

. This improves previous results that assert that

E

must have non

s i g m a

-finite Hausdorff measure of dimension

2 / (K + 1)

. We also show that the indices

f r a c 2 K 2 K + 1

,

f r a c 2 K + 1 K + 1

are sharp, and that Hausdorff gauge functions do not appropriately discriminate which sets are

K

-removable. So essentially we solve the problem of finding sharp "metric" conditions for

K

-removability.

Review text

A compact set \(E\subset\mathbb C\) is said to be \(K\)-removable (\(K\geq 1\)) if, for every open set \(\Omega\supset E\), every bounded \(K\)-quasiregular map \(f:\Omega\setminus E\mapsto\mathbb C\) admits a \(K\)-quasiregular extension to \(\Omega\). The case \(K=1\) corresponds to the compact sets that are removable for bounded analytic functions. It has been shown by Ahlfors that a compact set \(E\subset\mathbb C\) is removable for bounded analytic functions if and only if \(\gamma(E)=0\), where \(\gamma(E)\) denotes the analytic capacity of \(E\). The Painlevé problem for \(K\)-quasiregular maps consists in describing \(K\)-removable sets in metric and geometric terms. The first author [Acta Math. 190, No. 1, 105--149 (2003; Zbl 1060.30031); Ann. Math. (2) 162, No. 3, 1243--1304 (2005; Zbl 1097.30020)] obtained a solution of the classical Painlevé problem (\(K=1\)) in terms of the so-called curvature of measures. There is a well-known connection between \(K\)-removable sets and analytic capacity; \(E\) is \(K\)-removable if and only if \(\gamma(\phi(E))=0\) for every planar \(K\)-quasiconformal map. It has been considerably difficult to find sufficient conditions for removability and to construct ``small non-removable sets, in terms of geometric quantities.NEWLINENEWLINEIn the paper under review, the authors give a sharp ``metric condition for \(K\)-removability in terms of Riesz capacities. They prove that if \(\phi:\mathbb C\mapsto\mathbb C\) is a \(K\)-quasiconformal map, with \(K>1\), and the compact set \(E\) is contained in a disk \(B\), then NEWLINE\[NEWLINE\frac{\dot{C}_{\frac{2K}{2K+1},\frac{2K+1}{K+1}}(E)}{\text{{diam}}(B)^{\frac{2}{K+1}}}\geq c^{-1}\Big(\frac{\gamma(\phi(E))}{\text{{diam}}(\phi(B))}\Big)^{\frac{2K}{K+1}},NEWLINE\]NEWLINE where \(\dot{C}_{\frac{2K}{2K+1},\frac{2K+1}{K+1}}\) is a Riesz capacity associated to a nonlinear potential and the constant \(c\) depends only on \(K\). The proof is long and technical, and includes distortion estimates (of capacities, measures and contents) under quasiconformal maps and a corona-type decomposition for measures with finite curvature and linear growth. Also, the authors introduce a new way of studying Riesz capacities via ``Hausdorff-like measures or contents. The strategies of proof of the main results are carefully described in separate parts of the paper.

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