Random flat bundles and equidistribution

Publication date 17 October 2022

Abstract: Each signature

u n d e r l i n e l a m b d a (n) = (l a m b d a_{1} (n), d o t s, l a m b d a_{n} (n))

, where

l a m b d a_{1} (n) g e q d o t s g e q l a m b d a_{n} (n)

are integers, gives an irreducible representation

p i_{u n d e r l i n e l a m b d a (n)} : U (n) i g h t a r r o w e x t G L (V_{u n d e r l i n e l a m b d a (n)})

of the unitary group

U (n)

. Suppose

X

is a finite-area cusped hyperbolic surface,

c h i

is a random surface representation in

e x t H o m (p i_{1} (X), U (n))

equipped with a Haar unitary probability measure, and

(u n d e r l i n e l a m b d a (n))_{n = 1}^{i n f t y}

is a sequence of signatures. Let

| u n d e r l i n e l a m b d a (n) | := s u m_{i} | l a m b d a_{i} (n) |

. We show that there is an absolute constant

c > 0

such that if

0 e q | l a m b d a (n) | l e q c f r a c l o g n l o g l o g n

for sufficiently large

n

, then the Laplacians

D e l t a_{c h i, l a m b d a (n)}

acting on sections of the flat unitary bundles associated to the surface representations [pi_1(X)xrightarrow{chi} U(n)xrightarrow{pi_{underline{lambda}(n)}} ext{GL}(V_{underline{lambda}(n)})] have the property that for every

v a r e p s i l o n > 0

[mathbb{P}left[chi:inf ext{Spec}(Delta_{chi,underline{lambda}(n)})geqfrac{1}{4}-varepsilon ight]xrightarrow{n ightarrowinfty}1,] where

e x t S p e c (D e l t a_{c h i, u n d e r l i n e l a m b d a (n)})

is the spectrum of

D e l t a_{c h i, u n d e r l i n e l a m b d a (n)}

. A special case of this is that flat unitary rank

n

bundles over

X

asymptotically almost surely as

n i g h t a r r o w i n f t y

have least eigenvalue at least

f r a c 14 - v a r e p s i l o n

, irrespective of the spectral gap of

X

itself. The general spectral theorem above leads to a probabilistic equidistribution theorem for the images of closed geodesics under surface representations

c h i

. Using the spectral theorem above and proving a probabilistic prime geodesic theorem, we also obtain a probabilistic equidistribution theorem for the images under

c h i

of geodesics of lengths dependent on the rank

n

.

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