Real-Root Preserving Differential Operator Representations of Orthogonal Polynomials

MaRDI QIDQ6289120zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors David A. Cardon, Evan Sorensen, Jason C. White

Publication date 17 July 2017

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Zeros of polynomials, rational functions, and other analytic functions of one complex variable (e.g., zeros of functions with bounded Dirichlet integral) (30C15) Orthogonal polynomials and functions of hypergeometric type (Jacobi, Laguerre, Hermite, Askey scheme, etc.) (33C45) Linear operators on function spaces (general) (47B38)

Abstract: In this paper, we study linear transformations of the form $T[x^n]=P_n(x)$ where $P_n(x)$ is an orthogonal polynomial system. Of particular interest is understanding when these operators preserve real-rootedness in polynomials. It is known that when the $P_n(x)$ are the Hermite polynomials or standard Laguerre polynomials, the transformation $T$ has this property. It is also known that the transformation $T[x^n]=H_n^{alpha}(x)$, where $H_n^{alpha}(x)$ is the $n$th generalized Hermite Polynomial with real parameter $alpha$, has the differential operator representation $T[x^n]=e^{-fracalpha2D^2}{x}^n$. The main result of this paper is to prove that a differential operator of the form $su{m}_{k=0}^{i}nftyfracgamm{a}_{k}k!D^k$ induces a system of monic orthogonal polynomials if and only if $$ where $$ and $alpha,gamm{a}_{0}eq0$. This operator will produce a shifted set of generalized Hermite polynomials when $alphainmathbbR$. We also express the transformation from the standard basis to the standard Laguerre basis, $T[x^n]=L_n(x)$ as a differential operator of the form $su{m}_{k=0}^{i}nftyfrac{p}_k(x)k!D^k$ where the $p_k$ are polynomials, an identity that has not previously been shown.

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