Rectangular Scott-type permanents

MaRDI QIDQ1972218zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Guo-Niu Han, C. Krattenthaler

Publication date 17 April 2000

Published in Séminaire Lotharingien de Combinatoire (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0003072, https://eudml.org/doc/120900, http://www.emis.de/journals/SLC/wpapers/s43hankratt.html

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zbMATH Keywords

elementary symmetric functionrectangular Scott-type permanents

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Determinants, permanents, traces, other special matrix functions (15A15) Numerical computation of determinants (65F40)

Abstract: Let $x_1,x_2,\mathrm{...},x_n$ be the zeroes of a polynomial P(x) of degree n and $y_1,y_2,\mathrm{...},y_m$ be the zeroes of another polynomial Q(y) of degree m. Our object of study is the permanent $per(1/(x_i-y_j){)}_{1leilen,1lejlem}$, here named "Scott-type" permanent, the case of $P(x)=x^n-1$ and $Q(y)=y^n+1$ having been considered by R. F. Scott. We present an efficient approach to determining explicit evaluations of Scott-type permanents, based on generalizations of classical theorems by Cauchy and Borchardt, and of a recent theorem by Lascoux. This continues and extends the work initiated by the first author ("G'en'eralisation de l'identit'e de Scott sur les permanents," to appear in Linear Algebra Appl.). Our approach enables us to provide numerous closed form evaluations of Scott-type permanents for special choices of the polynomials P(x) and Q(y), including generalizations of all the results from the above mentioned paper and of Scott's permanent itself. For example, we prove that if $P(x)=x^n-1$ and $Q(y)=y^{2n}+y^n+1$ then the corresponding Scott-type permanent is equal to $(-1{)}^{n+1}n!$.

Review text

The permanent of a rectangular \(n\times m\)-matrix \(A\) is the sum of all possible products of \(n\) entries of \(A\) for which no two entries are from the same row or same column. Let \(P(x)\) and \(Q(y)\) be polynomials of degrees \(n\) and \(m\), respectively, and let \(X:=\{x_{1},\dots{},x_{n}\}\) and \(Y:=\{y_{1} ,\dots{},y_{m}\}\) be their sets of roots. The present paper considers the permanent \(per(A)\) where \(A\) is the \(n\times m\)-matrix whose \((i,j)\)th entry is \(1/(x_{i}-y_{j}).\) By symmetry the values of this permanent is a rational function of the coefficients of \(P(x)\) and \(Q(y)\). The authors call such permanents ``Scott-type after R. F. Scott (1881) who found a simple expression for \(per(A)\) when \(P(x)=x^{n}-1\) and \(Q(y)=y^{m}+1.\) The object of the present paper is find simple closed expressions for \(per(A)\) for other choices of \(P(x)\) and \(Q(x).\) The starting point is Theorem 1 which shows that \(per(A)=\det(H(X)E(Y))/R(X,Y)\) where: (i) \(H(X)\) is the \(n\times(m+n-1)\)-matrix whose \((i,j)\)th entry is \(h_{j-i}(X)\) where \(h_{s}(X)\) is the complete homogeneous symmetric function of degree \(s\) in the variables in \(X\); (ii) \(E(Y)\) is the \((m+n-1)\times n\)-matrix whose \((i,j)\)th entry is \((i-2j+2)(-1)^{m-i+j-1}e_{m-i+j-1}(X)\) where \(e_{s}(Y)\) is the elementary symmetric function of degree \(s\) in the variables in \(Y;\) and (iii) \(R(X,Y)=\prod_{i,j}(x_{i}-y_{j}).\) This theorem is then applied to computing \(per(A)\) for a large number of special cases. For example, Corollary 31 states that if \(P(x)=x^{n}-1\) and \(Q(y)=y^{n}+ny-1\) then \(per(A)=1\). As might be expected, the proofs are highly computational.

Recommendations

• Generalization of Scott's identity on permanents
• Generalization of Scott's permanent identity
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Cited in

(12)

• Lattice and Schröder paths with periodic boundaries
• Generalization of Scott's identity on permanents
• Permanent formulae from the Veronesean
• Fishnet four-point integrals: integrable representations and thermodynamic limits
• Hexagons and correlators in the fishnet theory
• Advanced determinant calculus: a complement
• On a matrix function interpolating between determinant and permanent
• Ryser's permanent identity in the symmetric algebra
• On evaluating permanents and a matrix of contangents^∗
• Perpetuants: a lost treasure
• Inductive proof of Borchardt's theorem
• Generalization of Scott's permanent identity

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