Regularization by free additive convolution, square and rectangular cases

DOI10.1007/S11785-008-0080-ZMaRDI QIDQ1048280zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Florent Benaych-Georges, Alice Guionnet, S. T. Belinschi

Publication date 11 January 2010

Published in Complex Analysis and Operator Theory (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/0706.1419

zbMATH Keywords

regularizationrandom matricesfree convolutionfree probability theoryrectangular free convolutionfree infinitely divisible distributions

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Characteristic functions; other transforms (60E10) Random matrices (algebraic aspects) (15B52) Random matrices (probabilistic aspects) (60B20) General properties of functions of one complex variable (30A99) Free probability and free operator algebras (46L54)

Abstract: The free convolution is the binary operation on the set of probability measures on the real line which allows to deduce, from the individual spectral distributions, the spectral distribution of a sum of independent unitarily invariant square random matrices or of a sum of free operators in a non commutative probability space. In the same way, the rectangular free convolution allows to deduce, from the individual singular distributions, the singular distribution of a sum of independent unitarily invariant rectangular random matrices. In this paper, we consider the regularization properties of these free convolutions on the whole real line. More specifically, we try to find continuous semigroups $(m{u}_t)$ of probability measures such that $m{u}_0$ is the Dirac mass at zero and such that for all positive $t$ and all probability measure $u$, the free convolution of $m{u}_t$ with $u$ (or, in the rectangular context, the rectangular free convolution of $m{u}_t$ with $u$) is absolutely continuous with respect to the Lebesgue measure, with a positive analytic density on the whole real line. In the square case, we prove that in semigroups satisfying this property, no measure can have a finite second moment, and we give a sufficient condition on semigroups to satisfy this property, with examples. In the rectangular case, we prove that in most cases, for $mu$ in a continuous rectangular-convolution-semigroup, the rectangular convolution of $mu$ with $u$ either has an atom at the origin or doesn't put any mass in a neighborhood of the origin, thus the expected property does not hold. However, we give sufficient conditions for analyticity of the density of the rectangular convolution of $mu$ with $u$ except on a negligible set of points, as well as existence and continuity of a density everywhere.

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Cited in

(9)

• Rectangular random matrices, related convolution
• Local deformed semicircle law and complete delocalization for Wigner matrices with random potential
• Asymptotics of rectangular spherical integrals
• The normal distribution is \(\boxplus\)-infinitely divisible
• Random regularization of Brown spectral measure
• On a surprising relation between the Marchenko-Pastur law, rectangular and square free convolutions
• On the support of the free additive convolution
• Extremal eigenvalues and eigenvectors of deformed Wigner matrices
• Regularity results for free Lévy processes

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