Regularly spaced subsums of integer partitions

DOI10.4064/AA115-3-1MaRDI QIDQ4829576zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors E. Rodney Canfield, Carla D. Savage, Herbert S. Wilf

Publication date 29 November 2004

Published in Acta Arithmetica (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0308061

zbMATH Keywords

asymptotic formulasinteger partitionsLambert seriesZeta functionSloane's sequence

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Asymptotic enumeration (05A16) Combinatorial aspects of partitions of integers (05A17) Elementary theory of partitions (11P81)

Abstract: For integer partitions $lambda:n=a_1+\mathrm{...}+a_k$, where $a_{1}ge{a}_{2}ge>\mathrm{...}ge{a}_{k}ge1$, we study the sum $a_1+a_3+\mathrm{...}$ of the parts of odd index. We show that the average of this sum, over all partitions $lambda$ of $n$, is of the form $n/2+(sqrt6/(8pi))sqrtnlogn+c_{2,1}sqrtn+O(logn).$ More generally, we study the sum $a_i+a_{m+i}+a_{2m+i}+\mathrm{...}$ of the parts whose indices lie in a given arithmetic progression and we show that the average of this sum, over all partitions of $n$, is of the form $n/m+b_{m,i}sqrtnlogn+c_{m,i}sqrtn+O(logn)$, with explicitly given constants $b_{m,i},c_{m,i}$. Interestingly, for $m$ odd and $i=(m+1)/2$ we have $b_{m,i}=0$, so in this case the error term is of lower order. The methods used involve asymptotic formulas for the behavior of Lambert series and the Zeta function of Hurwitz. We also show that if $f(n,j)$ is the number of partitions of $n$ the sum of whose parts of even index is $j$, then for every $n$, $f(n,j)$ agrees with a certain universal sequence, Sloane's sequence exttt{#A000712}, for $jlen/3$ but not for any larger $j$.

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