Regulating Hartshorne's connectedness theorem

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Abstract: A classical theorem by Hartshorne states that the dual graph of any arithmetically Cohen--Macaulay projective scheme is connected. We give a quantitative version of Hartshorne's result, in terms of Castelnuovo--Mumford regularity. If XsubsetmathbbPn is an arithmetically Gorenstein projective scheme of regularity r+1, and if every irreducible component of X has regularity ler, we show that the dual graph of X is lfloorfracr+r1rfloor-connected. The bound is sharp. We also provide a strong converse to Hartshorne's result: Every connected graph is the dual graph of a suitable arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay projective curve of regularity le3, whose components are all rational normal curves. The regularity bound is smallest possible in general. Further consequences of our work are: (1) Any graph is the Hochster-Huneke graph of a complete equidimensional local ring. (This answers a question by Sather-Wagstaff and Spiroff.) (2) The regularity of a curve is not larger than the sum of the regularities of its primary components.





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