Resource Marginal Problems
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Abstract: We introduce the resource marginal problems, which concern the possibility of having a resource-free target subsystem compatible with a given collection of marginal density matrices. By identifying an appropriate choice of resource R and target subsystem T, our problems reduce, respectively, to the well-known marginal problems for quantum states and the problem of determining if a given quantum system is a resource. More generally, we say that a set of marginal states is resource-free incompatible with a target subsystem T if all global states compatible with this set must result in a resourceful state in T. We show that this incompatibility induces a resource theory that can be quantified by a monotone, and obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for this monotone to be computable as a conic program with finite optimum. We further show, via the corresponding witnesses, that resource-free incompatibility is equivalent to an operational advantage in some subchannel discrimination task. Through our framework, a clear connection can be established between any marginal problem (that involves some notion of incompatibility) for quantum states and a resource theory for quantum states. In addition, the universality of our framework leads, for example, to further quantitative understanding of the incompatibility associated with the recently-proposed entanglement marginal problems as well as entanglement transitivity problems. As a byproduct of our investigation, we obtain the first example showing a form of transitivity of nonlocality as well as steerability for quantum states, thereby answering a decade-old question to the positive.
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