Role of scattering in virtual source array imaging

DOI10.1137/13094181XMaRDI QIDQ2876839zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Josselin Garnier, George Papanicolaou

Publication date 20 August 2014

Published in SIAM Journal on Imaging Sciences (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1310.4725

zbMATH Keywords

cross correlationimagingrandom mediawave propagation

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

PDEs with randomness, stochastic partial differential equations (35R60) Stochastic partial differential equations (aspects of stochastic analysis) (60H15) Wave scattering in solid mechanics (74J20) Seismology (including tsunami modeling), earthquakes (86A15) Image processing (compression, reconstruction, etc.) in information and communication theory (94A08)

Abstract: We consider imaging in a scattering medium where the illumination goes through this medium but there is also an auxiliary, passive receiver array that is near the object to be imaged. Instead of imaging with the source-receiver array on the far side of the object we image with the data of the passive array on the near side of the object. The imaging is done with travel time migration using the cross correlations of the passive array data. We showed in [J. Garnier and G. Papanicolaou, Inverse Problems {28} (2012), 075002] that if (i) the source array is infinite, (ii) the scattering medium is modeled by either an isotropic random medium in the paraxial regime or a randomly layered medium, and (iii) the medium between the auxiliary array and the object to be imaged is homogeneous, then imaging with cross correlations completely eliminates the effects of the random medium. It is as if we imaged with an active array, instead of a passive one, near the object. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the resolution of the image when both the source array and the passive receiver array are finite. We show with a detailed analysis that for isotropic random media in the paraxial regime, imaging not only is not affected by the inhomogeneities but the resolution can in fact be enhanced. This is because the random medium can increase the diversity of the illumination. We also show analytically that this will not happen in a randomly layered medium, and there may be some loss of resolution in this case.

Review text

The authors consider imaging in a scattering medium, where the illumination goes through this medium and near the object to be imaged there is an auxiliary passive receiver array. Instead of imaging directly with the source-receiver array on the far side of the object, the authors use imaging based on the data of the passive array on the near side of the object. The imaging is done with travel time migration using the cross correlations of the passive array data. They showed in their earlier paper [Inverse Probl. 28, No. 7, Article ID 075002, 38 p. (2012; Zbl 1260.65090)] that under some assumptions (the source array is infinite, the scattering medium is a randomly isotropic medium or a randomly layered medium, the medium between the auxiliary array and the object to be imaged is homogeneous), imaging with cross correlations completely eliminates the effect of random medium. In this paper, the problem of resolution of the obtained image is analysed in the case when both the source array and the passive receiver array are finite. They show that the resolution of the image can be inhanced for the case of isotropic random media because the random medium can increase the diversity of illumination. The analysis carried out is based on the asymptotic expressions of the moments of some Green's function. The insight in the context of imaging, presented in the paper, is new. It should be added that in geophysics, imaging with cross correlations of the auxiliary array is very effective and produces images that are nearly as good as in a homogeneous medium.

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Cited in

(13)

• Multiscale analysis of wave propagation in random media. Application to correlation-based imaging
• Filtering random layering effects in imaging
• Imaging with power controlled source pairs
• Correlation-based virtual source imaging in strongly scattering random media
• Passive synthetic aperture imaging
• White-noise paraxial approximation for a general random hyperbolic system
• Short pulse detection and imaging of objects behind obscuring random layers
• Filtering deterministic layer effects in imaging
• The effect of strong near surface scattering on seismic imaging: investigation based on resolution analysis
• Stability and finite element error analysis for the Helmholtz equation with variable coefficients
• Signal to Noise Ratio Analysis in Virtual Source Array Imaging
• Passive array correlation-based imaging in a random waveguide
• Shower curtain effect and source imaging

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