Second order differencing method (propagation scheme for the time-dependent Schrödinger equation based on a time-symmetric explicit Euler scheme)

discrete-time expression	mathematical expression

Available identifiers

Essentially a symmetric (and symplectic!) combination of Euler forward and backward methods.

Defining Formula: $\| ψ (t + Δ t) ⟩ = \| ψ (t - Δ t) ⟩ - 2 i Δ t \hat{H} / ℏ \| ψ (t) ⟩ + 𝒪 (Δ t)^{3}$
$H$ represents Hamiltonian operator
$Δ t$ represents time step
$ℏ$ represents reduced Planck constant
$i$ represents imaginary unit
$ψ$ represents quantum state vector (dynamic)

Euler forward method	$y_{n + 1} = y_{n} + h f (t_{n}, y_{n})$
	$f$ represents right hand side of differential equation
	$h$ represents time step
	$t$ represents time
	$y$ represents unknown function

backward Euler method	$y_{n + 1} = y_{n} + h f (t_{n + 1}, y_{n + 1})$
	$y$ represents unknown function
	$f$ represents right hand side of differential equation
	$h$ represents time step
	$t$ represents time

A comparison of different propagation schemes for the time dependent Schrödinger equation
Explicit integration method for the time-dependent Schrodinger equation for collision problems

Schrödinger equation (differencing scheme)
Verlet integration

Item	Property
Schrödinger equation (differencing scheme)	specialized by
Schrödinger equation (time dependent)	discretized by
Verlet integration	similar to

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