Sets with few differences in abelian groups

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Abstract: Let (G,+) be an abelian group. In 2004, Eliahou and Kervaire found an explicit formula for the smallest possible cardinality of the sumset A+A, where AsubseteqG has fixed cardinality r. We consider instead the smallest possible cardinality of the difference set AA, which is always greater than or equal to the smallest possible cardinality of A+A and can be strictly greater. We conjecture a formula for this quantity and prove the conjecture in the case that G is a cyclic group or a vector space over a finite field. This resolves a conjecture of Bajnok and Matzke on signed sumsets.









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