Shape optimization of optical microscale inclusions

PDEs in connection with optics and electromagnetic theory (35Q60) PDE constrained optimization (numerical aspects) (49M41) Numerical methods for inverse problems for boundary value problems involving PDEs (65N21) Finite element, Rayleigh-Ritz and Galerkin methods for boundary value problems involving PDEs (65N30)

Abstract: This paper describes a class of shape optimization problems for optical metamaterials comprised of periodic microscale inclusions composed of a dielectric, low-dimensional material suspended in a non-magnetic bulk dielectric. The shape optimization approach is based on a homogenization theory for time-harmonic Maxwell's equations that describes effective material parameters for the propagation of electromagnetic waves through the metamaterial. The control parameter of the optimization is a deformation field representing the deviation of the microscale geometry from a reference configuration of the cell problem. This allows for describing the homogenized effective permittivity tensor as a function of the deformation field. We show that the underlying deformed cell problem is well-posed and regular. This, in turn, proves that the shape optimization problem is well-posed. In addition, a numerical scheme is formulated that utilizes an adjoint formulation with either gradient descent or BFGS as optimization algorithms. The developed algorithm is tested numerically on a number of prototypical shape optimization problems with a prescribed effective permittivity tensor as the target.

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