Singular continuous spectrum for singular potentials
almost Mathieu operatorLyapunov exponentMaryland modelSchrödinger operatorsingular continuous spectrum
Schrödinger operator, Schrödinger equation (35J10) Discrete version of topics in analysis (39A12) Spectrum, resolvent (47A10) Linear difference operators (47B39) Applications of operator theory in the physical sciences (47N50) Selfadjoint operator theory in quantum theory, including spectral analysis (81Q10)
The authors study Schrödinger operators \[ {(H_{\alpha,\theta}u)_n=u_{n+1}+u_{n-1}+ \frac{g(\theta+n\alpha)}{f(\theta+n\alpha)} u_n} \] acting on \(\ell^2({\mathbb Z})\), where \(\alpha \in {\mathbb R}\backslash {\mathbb Q}\) is the frequency, \({\mathbb T} = {\mathbb R}/{\mathbb Z}\), \(\theta \in {\mathbb T}\) is the phase, \(f\) is an analytic function and \(g\) is Lipschitz. Let \(p_n, q_n\) be the continued fraction approximants of \(\alpha\in {\mathbb R} \backslash {\mathbb Q}\). Assume that \(g/f\) has \(m\) poles \(\theta_i , i = 1,...,m\). Define the index \(\delta\) as follows: \[ \delta( \alpha,\theta) = \limsup_{n\rightarrow \infty} \dfrac{\sum\limits_{i=1}^m \ln\|q_n(\theta-\theta_i) \|_{{\mathbb R} / {\mathbb Z}}+ \ln q_{n+1}} {q_n}, \] where \(\|x\|_{{\mathbb R} / {\mathbb Z}}=\min\limits_{l\in {\mathbb Z}}|x-l|\). Let \(L(E)\) be the Lyapunov exponent. The main results of the paper under review are the following: {\parindent=0.7cm\begin{itemize}\item[(1)] \( H_{\alpha, \theta} \) has no eigenvalues on \(\{ E:L(E)< \delta(\alpha, \theta)\}\). \item[(2)] If \(L(E)>0\) for a.e. \(E\) (in particular, if \(m>0\)), then \( H_{\alpha, \theta} \) has purely singular continuous spectrum on \(\{ E:L(E)< \delta(\alpha, \theta)\}\). \end{itemize}} These results are sharp for the Maryland model (\(f=\sin 2\pi\theta\), \(g=\lambda \cos 2\pi\theta\)). However, it is not sharp for the almost Mathieu operator (\(f\equiv 1\), \(g=\lambda \cos 2\pi\theta\)) other than for \(\alpha\)-Diophantine \(\theta.\)
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