Sips isotherm model

combined Langmuir–Freundlich adsorption model for heterogeneous surfaces

Also known as Langmuir–Freundlich isotherm

deterministic model, dimensional model, mathematical model, nonlinear model, static model

Description

The Sips isotherm model, also known as the Langmuir–Freundlich isotherm, is an empirical adsorption model developed to overcome the unbounded adsorption predicted by the classical Freundlich equation. It combines the heterogeneous surface characteristics of the Freundlich model with the finite monolayer adsorption limit of the Langmuir model. At low adsorbate concentrations, the Sips equation behaves like the Freundlich isotherm, while at sufficiently high concentrations it predicts a Langmuir-type saturation capacity. The model assumes localized adsorption without lateral interactions and is commonly used to describe heterogeneous adsorbent surfaces. Sips isotherm parameters are strongly influenced by system conditions such as pH, temperature, and solute concentration.

Contained entities

Sips equation	$q_{e} = q_{m} \frac{K_{S} C_{e}^{m}}{1 + K_{S} C_{e}^{m}}$
	$q_{e}$ represents adsorbed solute (equilibrium)
	$q_{m}$ represents maximum monolayer adsorption capacity
	$K_{S}$ represents Sips equilibrium constant
	$m$ represents Sips heterogeneity exponent
	$C_{e}$ represents solute concentration (equilibrium)

Computational tasks

nonlinear parameter estimation (Sips model)

References

Adsorptive removal of lead ions from wastewater using modified diatomite	(use)
Monolayer and multilayer adsorption isotherm models for sorption from aqueous media	(review)
On the Structure of a Catalyst Surface	(invention)

Specializations

Langmuir isotherm model, Freundlich isotherm model

Further links

Item	Property
chemical wastewater treatment	modelled by

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