Smooth approximation of stochastic differential equations

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Abstract: Consider an It^{o} process X satisfying the stochastic differential equation dX=a(X),dt+b(X),dW where a,b are smooth and W is a multidimensional Brownian motion. Suppose that Wn has smooth sample paths and that Wn converges weakly to W. A central question in stochastic analysis is to understand the limiting behavior of solutions Xn to the ordinary differential equation dXn=a(Xn),dt+b(Xn),dWn. The classical Wong--Zakai theorem gives sufficient conditions under which Xn converges weakly to X provided that the stochastic integral intb(X),dW is given the Stratonovich interpretation. The sufficient conditions are automatic in one dimension, but in higher dimensions the correct interpretation of intb(X),dW depends sensitively on how the smooth approximation Wn is chosen. In applications, a natural class of smooth approximations arise by setting Wn(t)=n1/2int0ntvcircphis,ds where phit is a flow (generated, e.g., by an ordinary differential equation) and v is a mean zero observable. Under mild conditions on phit, we give a definitive answer to the interpretation question for the stochastic integral intb(X),dW. Our theory applies to Anosov or Axiom A flows phit, as well as to a large class of nonuniformly hyperbolic flows (including the one defined by the well-known Lorenz equations) and our main results do not require any mixing assumptions on phit. The methods used in this paper are a combination of rough path theory and smooth ergodic theory.



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