Spatial decay of rotating waves in reaction diffusion systems
exponentially weighted resolvent estimatesOrnstein-Uhlenbeck operatorreaction-diffusion equationsrotating wavesspatial exponential decay
Asymptotic behavior of solutions to PDEs (35B40) Reaction-diffusion equations (35K57) Spectral theory and eigenvalue problems for partial differential equations (35Pxx) Ginzburg-Landau equations (35Q56) Perturbation theory of linear operators (47A55) Applications of operator theory in numerical analysis (47N40)
abla v(x) ight angle + f(v(x)) = 0,,xinmathbb{R}^d,,dgeqslant 2, end{align*} where the matrix is diagonalizable and has eigenvalues with positive real part, the map is sufficiently smooth and the matrix in the unbounded drift term is skew-symmetric. Nonlinear problems of this form appear as stationary equations for rotating waves in time-dependent reaction diffusion systems. We prove under appropriate conditions that every bounded classical solution of the nonlinear problem, which falls below a certain threshold at infinity, already decays exponentially in space, in the sense that belongs to an exponentially weighted Sobolev space . Several extensions of this basic result are presented: to complex-valued systems, to exponential decay in higher order Sobolev spaces and to pointwise estimates. We also prove that every bounded classical solution of the eigenvalue problem �egin{align*} A riangle v(x) + leftlangle Sx,
abla v(x) ight angle + Df(v_{star}(x))v(x) = lambda v(x),,xinmathbb{R}^d,,dgeqslant 2, end{align*} decays exponentially in space, provided lies to the right of the essential spectrum. As an application we analyze spinning soliton solutions which occur in the Ginzburg-Landau equation. Our results form the basis for investigating nonlinear stability of rotating waves in higher space dimensions and truncations to bounded domains.
This paper deals with the stationary problem NEWLINE\[NEWLINE(1)\quad A\Delta v_{\star}(x)+\langle Sx,\nabla v_{\star}(x)\rangle +f(v_{\star}(x))=0,\quad x\in\mathbb R^d,d\geq 2NEWLINE\]NEWLINE where \(A\in\mathbb R^{N,N}\) is a diffusion matrix, \(S\in\mathbb R^{d,d}\) is a skew-symmetric matrix, and \(f:\mathbb R^N\to\mathbb R^N\) is a sufficiently smooth function. A function \(v_{\star}\) is called a classical solution to (1) if \(v_{\star}\in C^2(\mathbb R^d,\mathbb R^N),\) and then \(v_{\star}\) satisfies (1) pointwise. A solution \(v_{\star}\) of (1) is the profile of rotating waves of the form NEWLINE\[NEWLINEu_{\star}(x,t)=v_{\star}(e^{-tS}(x-x_{\star})),\quad t\geq 0, x\in\mathbb R^d, d\geq 2, x_{\star} \in\mathbb R^d.NEWLINE\]NEWLINE A rotating wave \(u_{\star}\) is called exponentially localized with decay rate \(\eta\), if it satisfies NEWLINE\[NEWLINE\underset{|x|\to\infty}{\lim} e^{\eta |x|} |v_{\star}(x)-v_{\infty}|=0,NEWLINE\]NEWLINE for some \(v_{\infty}\in \mathbb R^N\) and for some \(\eta>0\). The authors introduce weight function of exponential growth (Definition 2.7.) and related exponentially weighted Sobolev spaces \(W^{k,p}_{\theta}(\mathbb R^d,\mathbb R^N).\) Under suitable assumptions, satisfied for some \(1<p<\infty\), they prove (Theorem 2.8) that, for every \(0<\epsilon <1\), there exists a constant \(K_1=K_1(A,f,v_{\infty},d,p,\epsilon)\) with the following properties: every classical solution \(v_{\star}\) of (1) such that NEWLINE\[NEWLINE(2)\quad\underset{|x|\geq R_o}{\sup}|v_{\star}(x)-v_{\infty}|\leq K_1,\text{ for some }R_o>0,NEWLINE\]NEWLINE satisfies \(v_{\star}-v_{\infty}\in W^{1,p}_{\theta}(\mathbb R^d,\mathbb R^N), \theta(x)=\exp(\mu\sqrt{|x|^2+1}),\) for every exponential decay rate \(0\leq \mu\leq \epsilon \frac{\sqrt{a_ob_o}}{a_{\max}p}\). Here, \(a_{\max}\) denotes the spectral radius of \(A\), and \((-a_o)\) [resp.\( (-b_o)\)] denotes the spectral bound of \(-A\) [resp. of the Jacobian matrix \(Df(v_{\infty})\)]. Several extensions of this result are presented: to complex- valued systems, to exponential decay in higher order Sobolev spaces, and to pointwise estimates. They also study (section 5) the exponential decay in space of classical solutions \((\lambda,v),~\lambda\in\mathbb C,v\in C^2(\mathbb R^d,\mathbb C^N)\) of the eigenvalue problem NEWLINE\[NEWLINE(3) \quad A\Delta v(x)+\langle Sx,\nabla v(x)\rangle +(Df(v_{\star}(x))v(x)=\lambda v(x), x\in\mathbb R^d,~d\geq 2.NEWLINE\]NEWLINE As an application, the cubic-quintic complex Ginzburg-Landau equation is studied in section 6. The paper is illustrated with several figures and a numerical table.
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