The pantograph equation in the complex plane
The subject matter is focused on two functional differential equations. First of them is the pantograph equation with involution on the complex plane: \[ y'(z)=\sum_{k=0}^{m-1} \left[ a_k y(\omega^k z) + b_k y(r \omega^k z) + c_k y'(r \omega^k z) \right] , \] where \(a_k, b_k, c_k \in \mathbb{C}, k= 0, 1, \dots , m-1,\) are given, \(r \in (0,1)\), and \(\omega\) is the primitive root of unity. The second one is the pantograph equation of the second type: \[ y(z)= \sum_{j=1}^{l} \sum_{k=1}^{n} a_{j,k} y^{(k)} (\omega_j z), \] \(a_{j,k}, \omega_j \in \mathbb{C},\) supplemented by appropriate initial conditions at the origin. The results concern the existence and uniqueness of solutions and their asymptotic behavior.
scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1117618