Grothendieck's trace map for arithmetic surfaces via residues and higher adèles
By classical work of Serre, Tate and Hartshorne, Grothendieck's trace map for a smooth, projective curve over a finite field can be expressed as a sum of residues over all closed points of the curve. Subsequently, this result was generalized in several ways, up to algebraic varieties of any dimension, using higher-dimensional adèles. In all these generalizations one only deals with varieties over a field. The paper gives the first extension non-varieties, namely to arithmetic surfaces. Let \({\mathcal O}_k\) be a Dedekind domain of characteristic zero and with finite residue fields, and let \(K\) be its field of fractions. The extension given in Theorem 3.1 of the paper applies to a normal scheme, proper and flat over \(S=\text{Spec}{\mathcal O}_K\), whose generic fibre is a smooth, geometrically connected curve. This extension requires three main steps: i) the definition of suitable local residue maps, either on spaces of differential forms or on local cohomology groups; ii) using the local residue maps, the definition of the dualizing sheaf; iii) patching together the local residue maps to define Grothendieck's trace map on the cohomology of the dualizing sheaf. The first two steps are essentially already contained in a previous paper of the same author [New York J. Math. 16, 575--627 (2010; Zbl 1258.14031)], while the third step is achieved in the present paper. The paper ends with applications to adelic duality for the arithmetic surface.
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