Splitting chains, tunnels and twisted sums
type: Item
instance of: scholarly article
title: Splitting chains, tunnels and twisted sums
zbMATH Open document ID: 1467.46015
author: Félix Cabello Sánchez
author: Piotr Borodulin-Nadzieja
author: David Chodounský
author: Antonio Avilés
author: Osvaldo Guzmán
published in: Israel Journal of Mathematics
publication date: 2021-04-29T00:00:00Z
full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1907.09743
review text: A Banach space \(Z\) is a twisted sum of two Banach spaces \(Y\) and \(X\) if it has a closed subspace \(Y_1\) isomorphic to \(Y\) such that the quotient \(Z/Y_1\) is isomorphic to \(X\). The twisted sum is non-trivial if \(Y_1\) is not complemented in \(Z\). A compact space \(K\) has a tunnel if there is a continuous map \(f:K\to L\), where \(L\) is a linearly ordered topological space, such that \(f^{-1}(x)\) is nowhere dense in \(K\) for each \(x\in L\). Each tunnel in \(K\) induces a non-trivial twisted sum of the space of continuous functions \(C(K)\) and the space \(c_0(I)\) for some set \(I\). The main concern of the paper is the existence of tunnels in the compact \(\omega^*=\beta\omega\setminus\omega\), where \(\beta\omega\) is the Čech-Stone compactification of the set \(\omega\) of natural numbers, and the associated twisted sums. Note that, as a Banach space, \(C(\omega^*)\) can be identified with the quotient \(\ell_\infty/c_0\). The main result (Theorem~3.7) shows that if there is a splitting chain of clopen sets in \(\omega^*\), then a non-trivial twisted sum of \(C(\omega^*)\) and \(c_0(I)\) exists, where the cardinality of \(I\) is that of the continuum. It is shown that splitting chains of clopen sets do exist in \(\omega^*\) under some assumptions, e.g., under the Continuum Hypothesis or in the classical Cohen model, but one cannot prove their existence in ZFC. In fact, the authors do not know if twisted sums like those in Theorem~3.7 exist in ZFC.
Mathematics Subject Classification ID: 46B25
Mathematics Subject Classification ID: 46E15
Mathematics Subject Classification ID: 54A35
Mathematics Subject Classification ID: 03E17
Mathematics Subject Classification ID: 03E75
zbMATH DE Number: 7341473
zbMATH Keywords: twisted sums of Banach spaces
zbMATH Keywords: splitting families
zbMATH Keywords: tight gaps
zbMATH Keywords: complete tunnels
zbMATH Keywords: Cohen forcing
reviewed by: M. González
MaRDI profile type: MaRDI publication profile
OpenAlex ID: W3136705618
arXiv ID: 1907.09743
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DOI: 10.1007/S11856-021-2121-5
description: scientific article