Introduction to sofic and hyperlinear groups and Connes' embedding conjecture. With an appendix by Vladimir Pestov
type: Item
instance of: scholarly article
title: Introduction to sofic and hyperlinear groups and Connes' embedding conjecture. With an appendix by Vladimir Pestov
zbMATH Open document ID: 1383.20002
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-19333-5
author: Valerio Capraro
author: Martino Lupini
published in: Lecture Notes in Mathematics
publication date: 2015-06-10T00:00:00Z
full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1309.2034
review text: Let \(n\in \mathbb{N}\) and \(S_{n}\) be the group of permutations on \(n\) symbols. The function \(\ell _{S_{n}}\,:\,S_{n}\,\longrightarrow\,[0,\,1]\) defined by \(\ell _{S_{n}}(\sigma )\,=\,\frac{1}{n}\mid \{\,i\,:\,\sigma (i)\,\not =\,i\,\}\mid\) is called the \textit{Hamming invariant length function} on \(S_{n}\). Definition 1. A countable discrete group \(\Gamma\) is called \textit{sofic} if for every \(\varepsilon > 0\) and every finite subset \(F\) of \(\Gamma \setminus\{\,1_{\Gamma }\,\}\) there is a natural number \(n\) and a function \(\Phi :\Gamma \,\longrightarrow\, S_{n}\) such that \(\Phi (1_{\Gamma })\,=\,1_{S{n}}\) and for every \(g,\,h\in F\) the following inequalities are satisfied. \( \bullet \quad d_{S_{n}}(\Phi (gh),\,\Phi (g) \Phi (h))<\varepsilon\); \( \bullet \quad \ell _{S_{n}}(\Phi (g))> r(g)\) \quad where \(r(g)\) is a positive constant depending only on \(g\). Let \(M_{n}(\mathbb{C})\) be the tracial von Neumann algebra of \(n\times n\) matrices over the complex numbers. If \(U_{n}\) is the group of the unitary elements of \(M_{n}(\mathbb{C})\) (i.e. the elements \(x\in M_{n}(\mathbb{C})\) with \(x^{\ast}x\,=\,xx^{\ast}\,=\,1\)), then the \(\ell _{U_{n}}\,:\,U_{n}\,\longrightarrow\,[0,\,1]\) defined by \(\ell _{U_{n}}(u )\,=\,\frac{1}{2}\parallel u-1\parallel_{2}\) is called the \textit{Hilbert-Schmidt invariant length function} on \(U_{n}\). Here, \(\parallel\cdot \parallel _{2}\) denotes the \textit{Hilbert-Schmidt norm} on \(M_{n}(\mathbb{C})\) defined by \(\parallel x \parallel _{2}\,=\,\tau (x^{\ast }x)^{1/2}\), where \(\tau \) is the normalized trace on \(M_{n}(\mathbb{C})\) defined by \(\tau ((a_{ij}))\,=\,\frac{1}{n}\sum_{i\,=\,1}^{n}a_{ii}\). If in Definition 1 above, the symmetric group \(S_{n}\) is replaced by the group \(U_{n}\) of the unitary elements of \(M_{n}(\mathbb{C})\) we have the definition of the \textit{hyperlinear} groups. Definition 2. A countable discrete group \(\Gamma\) is called \textit{hyperbolic} if for eve…
reviewed by: Dimitrios Varsos
Mathematics Subject Classification ID: 20-02
Mathematics Subject Classification ID: 46-02
Mathematics Subject Classification ID: 20F65
Mathematics Subject Classification ID: 20F69
Mathematics Subject Classification ID: 03C20
Mathematics Subject Classification ID: 03C98
Mathematics Subject Classification ID: 46L10
Mathematics Subject Classification ID: 46M07
zbMATH DE Number: 6444791
zbMATH Keywords: sofic groups
zbMATH Keywords: hypelinear groups
zbMATH Keywords: Connes' embedding conjecture
zbMATH Keywords: Kaplansky's direct finiteness conjecture
zbMATH Keywords: Kervaire-Laudenbach conjecture
zbMATH Keywords: algebraic eingenvalues conjecture
zbMATH Keywords: von Neumann algebras and II\(_{1}\) factors
MaRDI profile type: MaRDI publication profile
OpenAlex ID: W2133888859
arXiv ID: 1309.2034
description: scientific article