Knot homotopy in subspaces of the 3-sphere
type: Item
instance of: scholarly article
title: Knot homotopy in subspaces of the 3-sphere
zbMATH Open document ID: 1336.57011
author: Yuya Koda
author: Makoto Ozawa
published in: Pacific Journal of Mathematics
publication date: 2016-04-04T00:00:00Z
full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1502.04852
reviewed by: Lee P. Neuwirth
Mathematics Subject Classification ID: 57M25
Mathematics Subject Classification ID: 57M27
Mathematics Subject Classification ID: 57N10
Mathematics Subject Classification ID: 57Q35
zbMATH DE Number: 6562432
zbMATH Keywords: knots
zbMATH Keywords: homotopy
zbMATH Keywords: transient knot
zbMATH Keywords: persistent knot
zbMATH Keywords: submanifolds of the 3-sphere
zbMATH Keywords: handlebody
zbMATH Keywords: unknotting number
zbMATH Keywords: tunnel number
zbMATH Keywords: transient number
MaRDI profile type: MaRDI publication profile
OpenAlex ID: W1553079650
arXiv ID: 1502.04852
DOI: 10.2140/PJM.2016.282.389
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review text: A knot, \(K\), in a compact connected proper \(3\) dimensional submanifold, \(M\), of the 3-sphere, \(S^3\) is called \textit transient \textrm if \(K\) is homotopic in \(M\) to a knot \(K'\) that is trivial in \(S^3\). Otherwise the knot is called \textit persistent \textrm. The authors show that the complement of such a submanifold, \(M\), is a disjoint union of handlebodies if and only if every knot in \(M\) is transient. They also examine some persistent knots.NEWLINENEWLINE\quad The authors define the \textit transient number \textrm of a knot, \(K\), to be the minimal number of disjoint arcs needed to attach to \(K\) so that \(K\) is transient in a small neighborhood of the union of \(K\) and the arcs. They show the transient number of a knot is less or equal to both the unknotting number and the tunnel number. Lest it be suspected that the transient number is always equal to one of those, a knot is exhibited with transient number \(1\), unknotting number \(2\) and tunnel number \(2\).NEWLINENEWLINE\quad Methods of combinatorial group theory as well as low dimensional geometric topology are utilized in the proofs.NEWLINENEWLINE\quad Consideration is also given to compact \(3\)-manifolds other than \(S^3\).
description: scientific article; zbMATH DE number 6562432