On addition of 1-handles with chart loops to 2-dimensional braids
type: Item
instance of: scholarly article
title: On addition of 1-handles with chart loops to 2-dimensional braids
zbMATH Open document ID: 1355.57024
DOI: 10.1142/S0218216516500619
author: Inasa Nakamura
publication date: 2016-11-17T00:00:00Z
full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1503.00404
Mathematics Subject Classification ID: 57Q45
Mathematics Subject Classification ID: 57Q35
zbMATH DE Number: 6654294
zbMATH Keywords: surface knot
zbMATH Keywords: 2-dimensional braid
zbMATH Keywords: chart
zbMATH Keywords: 1-handle
zbMATH Keywords: 1-handle with chart loops
MaRDI profile type: MaRDI publication profile
arXiv ID: 1503.00404
cites work: Classifying 1-Handles Attached to Knotted Surfaces
cites work: THE TURNED TORUS KNOT IN S4
cites work: Surfaces in 4-space
cites work: A theorem of Sanderson on link bordisms in dimension \(4\)
cites work: Homeomorphisms of a \(3\)-dimensional handlebody standardly embedded in \(S^3\)
cites work: A four-dimensional analogy of torus links
cites work: SURFACES IN R4 OF BRAID INDEX THREE ARE RIBBON
cites work: Unknotting immersed surface-links and singular 2-dimensional braids by 1-handle surgeries
cites work: Q4542028
cites work: Cords and 1-handles attached to surface-knots
cites work: Q3840310
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published in: Journal of Knot Theory and its Ramifications
review text: The circle \(S^1\) is the only closed 1-dimensional manifold and it is the origin of knot theory in \(\mathbb R^3\). Passing to dimension 2 we have closed orientable surfaces which are the origin of knot theory in \(\mathbb R^4\) that is by today quite developed. Classical braid theory motivated the introduction of surface braids which are the subject of the present paper. Special 2-dimensional braids over a connected surface standardly embedded in \(\mathbb R^4\) have been studied by \textit{S. Hirose} [Topology Appl. 133, No. 3, 199--207 (2003; Zbl 1028.57021)] whose result is improved in this paper. The author treats 2-dimensional braids over an oriented surface knot \(F\) presented by a graph called a chart on a surface diagram of \(F\) and considers braids obtained by addition of 1-handles that are equipped with chart loops. Two such braids over \(F\) are equivalent if one is transformed into the other by ambient isotopy of \(\mathbb R^4\) whose restriction to a tubular neighborhood of \(F\) is fiber-preserving. Then moves of 1-handles with chart loops are introduced with the goal to simplify a 2-dimensional braid. A series of results is proved and we omit their description due to technical complexity. It is shown that the addition of a 1-handle with chart loops is an unbraiding operation.
reviewed by: Ivan Ivanšić
description: scientific article; zbMATH DE number 6654294