The growth of elementary functions
type: Item
instance of: scholarly article
title: The growth of elementary functions
zbMATH Open document ID: 1224.26004
published in: Acta Mathematica Hungarica
publication date: 2011-04-26T00:00:00Z
review text: Let \(f\) be a function defined by an expression involving real constants, the functions \(x, e^x, \log x\), algebraic operations and compositions. By a classical theorem of Du Bois-Reymond, such a function cannot grow faster than an iterated exponential. Surprisingly, the author together with Ruzsa showed this is no longer the case if the class of functions is widened to include the sine function and its inverse [\textit{M. Laczkovich} and \textit{I. Z. Ruzsa}, Ill. J. Math. 44, No.~1, 161--182 (2000; Zbl 0948.26002)]. The present paper limits this by proving that such a function must be dominated by an iterated exponential except on a set of finite measure. As is often the case, this result is obtained by proving a more general result that needs some setting up. Let \(\mathcal A\) be the class of real analytic functions defined on the open intervals of \(\mathbb R\) and let \(IA\), \(IIA\) be the classes functions in \(\mathcal A\) that are respectively integrals of algebraic functions, functions with inverses that are integrals of algebraic functions; put \(B=IA\cup IIA\). \(IA\) includes the constant functions, \(x,\log x,\arcsin x\) (defined on \((-1, 1)\)), and \(IIA\) includes \(\sin x, e^x\). The extended class of elementary functions is the smallest class of functions, \(E^*\), containing \(B\) and such that (i) if \(f\in \mathcal A\) and there are functions \(g,h\in E^*\) such that \(f= g\circ h\big| _{\operatorname{dom}f}\), then \(f\in E^*\); (ii) \(E^*\) is closed under differentiation; (iii) if \(f,g\in E^*\) then \(f-g\), \(fg\), \(f/g\) restricted to any interval in \(\operatorname{dom}f\cap\operatorname{dom}g\) is in \(E^*\); (iv) if \(g\) is such that \(f_ng^n +\dots+ f_1g + f_0 = 0\) for some \(f_0,\dots, f_n\in E^*\), then \(g\in E^*\). It is for this extended class of elementary functions that the main result mentioned above is obtained after what is a very intricate argument. Reference must be made to the paper for this argument as well as for …
Mathematics Subject Classification ID: 26A09
Mathematics Subject Classification ID: 26A12
Mathematics Subject Classification ID: 34A09
zbMATH DE Number: 5881189
zbMATH Keywords: elementary functions
zbMATH Keywords: differential algebraic equations
zbMATH Keywords: rate of growth
author: M. Laczkovich
MaRDI profile type: MaRDI publication profile
full work available at URL: s10474-010-9103-0
OpenAlex ID: W2155561206
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cites work: Q5822220
cites work: Elementary and integral-elementary functions
cites work: Q4333509
DOI: 10.1007/S10474-010-9103-0
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description: scientific article; zbMATH DE number 5881189