Semisimple Hopf algebras of dimension 60.
It is well-known that the smallest simple non-Abelian group is the alternating group \(\mathbb A_5\), of order 60. Let us say that a finite dimensional Hopf algebra (of dimension \(>1\)) is simple if its only normal Hopf subalgebras are \(\Bbbk\) and itself; so that the group algebra \(\Bbbk L\) of a finite simple group \(L\) and its dual \(\Bbbk^L\) are simple Hopf algebras. Here \(\Bbbk\) is a field, assumed from now on algebraically closed of characteristic 0. The first examples of semisimple Hopf algebras that are simple in this sense (out of simple group algebras and their duals) were found by \textit{D. Nikshych}, [Commun. Algebra 26, No. 1, 321-342 (1998; Zbl 0912.16018)], namely the Hopf algebra denoted \(\mathcal A_0\), a twisting of \(\Bbbk\mathbb A_5\), and its dual \(\mathcal A_1\). Another example of a (self-dual) semisimple Hopf algebra of dimension 60 that is simple was found by \textit{C. Galindo} and \textit{S. Natale}, [Math. Res. Lett. 14, No. 5-6, 943-954 (2007; Zbl 1160.16020)]; it is denoted \(\mathcal B\) and is a twisting of \(\Bbbk(\mathbb D_3\times\mathbb D_5)\). It is remarkable that the twisting of a non-simple group may became simple as a Hopf algebra; an analogous example of dimension 36, a twisting of \(\Bbbk(\mathbb D_3\times\mathbb D_5)\), turns out to be the only semisimple simple Hopf algebra of dimension \(< 60\) and not a group algebra. The purpose of the present paper is to show that \(\Bbbk\mathbb A_5\), \(\Bbbk^{\mathbb A_5}\), \(\mathcal A_0\), \(\mathcal A_1\) and \(\mathcal B\) are all simple Hopf algebras that are semisimple and have dimension 60. (In contrast, there is just one simple fusion category of dimension 60, namely \(\text{Rep}_{\Bbbk}\mathbb A_5\); [see \textit{P. Etingof, D. Nikshych} and \textit{V. Ostrik}, Adv. Math. 226, No. 1, 176-205 (2011; Zbl 1210.18009)].) The proof relies on the main result from [\textit{J. Bichon} and \textit{S. Natale}, Transform. Groups 16, No. 2, 339-374 (2011)], that characterizes semisimple Hopf algebras with an irreducible self-dual 2-dimensional comodule, and follows by a thorough case-by-case analysis of the possible coalgebra structures of such a Hopf algebra.
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