Comprehensive classification of the algebra generated by two idempotent matrices
type: Item
instance of: scholarly article
title: Comprehensive classification of the algebra generated by two idempotent matrices
author: Rounak Biswas
author: Falguni Roy
published in: Linear Algebra and its Applications
publication date: 2024-12-09T00:00:00Z
review text: Let \(P\) and \(Q\) be two idempotent \(n\times n\) complex matrices and consider the unital algebra \(\mathcal{A}:=\) \textrm{alg}\((I,P,Q)\) which they generate. The authors give a complete description of all such algebras. The proof begins by observing that \((P-Q)^{2}\) always lies in the center of the algebra, and therefore the eigenspaces of \((P-Q)^{2}\) define a direct decomposition of \(\mathcal{A}\). This reduces the classification problem to the case for which \((P-Q)^{2}=\lambda I\) for some \(\lambda \in \mathbb{C}\) and each of the cases where \(\lambda =0,\) \(\lambda =1\) and \(\lambda \neq 0\) or \(1 \) is investigated separately. The proof uses direct calculations and a theorem from [\textit{A. Böttcher} and \textit{I. M. Spitkovsky}, Linear Algebra Appl. 432, No. 6, 1412--1459 (2010; Zbl 1189.47073)], showing that under these hypotheses each matrix in \(\mathcal{A}\) has at most two distinct eigenvalues. The final section of the paper gives a criterion for an element \(A\) of \(\mathcal{A}\) to have a group inverse \(A^{g}\) and a precise formula for \(A^{g}\) in terms of \(A\).
reviewed by: John D. Dixon
Mathematics Subject Classification ID: 15A30
Mathematics Subject Classification ID: 15A21
Mathematics Subject Classification ID: 15A09
zbMATH DE Number: 7955795
zbMATH Keywords: idempotent matrix
zbMATH Keywords: two projections
zbMATH Keywords: group inversion
zbMATH Keywords: finite-dimensional algebra
MaRDI profile type: MaRDI publication profile
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DOI: 10.1016/J.LAA.2024.11.005
description: scientific article; zbMATH DE number 7955795