The Elovich isotherm model is an empirical adsorption model derived from the Elovich kinetic equation, assuming that the adsorption activation energy increases exponentially with surface coverage. It describes adsorption on highly heterogeneous surfaces where the distribution of site energies varies widely. Unlike classical monolayer isotherms, the Elovich model may represent multilayer or strongly heterogeneous adsorption rather than uniform monolayer behavior. The model relates equilibrium adsorption to solute concentration through an exponential function involving the adsorbed amount. It is used in environmental and wastewater-treatment studies to characterize chemisorption-like or heterogeneity-dominated adsorption systems.
Elovich isotherm model
empirical adsorption isotherm based on exponential energy variation