Derivation of 3D energy-critical nonlinear Schrödinger equation and Bogoliubov excitations for Bose gases (Q1986580)

The dynamics of a Bose gas in 3D with \(N\) particles is described by the \(N\)-body Schrödinger equation \[ \begin{cases} i\partial_t \Psi_N(t) &= H_N \Psi_N(t),\\ \Psi_N(t=0) &= \Psi_{N,0}. \end{cases} \] Here \(\Psi_N(t)\) is a wave function in the symmetric space \(L^2_s(({\mathbb R}^3)^N)\) and \(H_N\) is the Hamiltonian of the system. The authors consider \[ H_N = \sum_{j=1}^N -\Delta_{x_i} + \frac{1}{N^2} \sum_{1 \le i < j < k \le N} N^{6\beta} V( N^{\beta}(x_i-x_j), N^{\beta}(x_i-x_k)) \] (non-relativistic bosons interacting via a three-body interaction potential). Here \(0 < \beta < 1/6\) and \(V:{\mathbb R}^3\times {\mathbb R}^3\to {\mathbb R}\) has the symmetry that ensure that the total interaction of 3 particles only depends on the relative distances between them. In the paper under review, the authors justify the Bose-Einstein condensation, i.e. validity of the approximation (in terms of the reduced density matrices) \[ \Psi_N(t) \approx \varphi(t)^{\otimes N}, N \to \infty \] with \(\varphi(t)\) solving the following quintic nonlinear Schrödinger equation \[ \begin{cases} i\partial_t \varphi (t,x) &= - \Delta \varphi(t,x) + b_0 |\varphi (t,x)|^4\varphi(t,x), \quad x\in {\mathbb R}^3, \quad t>0 \\ \varphi(0,x) &= \varphi_0(x). \end{cases} \] Another important result provides information on the fluctuations around the condensate in terms of a norm approximation in Fock space for the \(N\)-body wave function. It is also proved the extension of the results with \({\mathbb R}^3\) replaced by the torus \({\mathbb T}^3\).