Eigenvalues and energy functionals with monotonicity formulae under Ricci flow (Q2384731)

In [arXiv:math, DG/0211159], \textit{G. Perelman} showed that, on a compact manifold \((M,g)\), the lowest eigenvalue \(\lambda(g)\) of the operator \(-4\Delta+R\) is non-decreasing along the Ricci flow. As a corollary, he proved that there are no nontrivial steady or expanding Ricci breathers on \(M\). Assuming that the curvature operator of \((M,g)\) is nonnegative, \textit{X. Cao} [Math. Ann. 337, No. 2, 435--441 (2007; Zbl 1105.53051)] showed that the eigenvalues of the operator \(-\Delta+\frac R2\) are nondecreasing under the Ricci flow. It follows that the only steady Ricci breather with nonnegative curvature operator is the trivial one, which is flat. In the paper under review, the author studies monotonicity formulae of various energy functionals and the eigenvalues of the operator \(-4\Delta+kR\). In particular, he proves that on any closed Riemanninan manifold \((M,g)\), the eigenvalues of the operator \(-\Delta + \frac R2\) are nondecreasing under the Ricci flow, generalizing Cao's result.