Spectral triples for hyperbolic dynamical systems

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Abstract: Spectral triples are defined for C*-algebras associated with hyperbolic dynamical systems known as Smale spaces. The spectral dimension of one of these spectral triples is shown to recover the topological entropy of the Smale space.


Spectral triples \((A,\mathcal{H},D)\), important in noncommutative geometry, include a \(C^*\)-algebra \(A\) and an unbounded s.a.\ Dirac operator \(D\) on a separable \(H\)-space \(\mathcal{H}\), where the commutators \([D,a]\) are bounded for a norm dense set of \(a\in A\) and the operators \(a(1+D^2)^{-1}\) are compact for all \(a\in A\). A~fine construction of such triples is given for nonunital \(A\) associated to irreducible Smale spaces, namely, for stable \(S\) (or unstable \(U\)) and the respective Ruelle algebras \(R_S\) (or \(R_U\)).NEWLINENEWLINESmale spaces were introduced by \textit{D. Ruelle} [Thermodynamic formalism. The mathematical structures of equilibrium statistical mechanics. Cambridge University Press (\({}^2\)2004; Zbl 1062.82001)] and are a remarkable class of hyperbolic dynamical systems \((X,\varphi)\), formed by a homeomorphism \(\varphi\) of a metric compact space \(X\). Following \textit{I. F. Putnam} and \textit{J. Spielberg} [J. Funct. Anal. 163, No. 2, 279--299 (1999; Zbl 0932.46059)], the author introduces \(S\) as the \(C^*\)-algebra corresponding to the groupoid with étale topology arising over \((X,\varphi)\), similarly \(U\) comes from \((X,\varphi^{-1})\). Here, \(\mathcal{H}\) is the \(l^2\)-space over some countable set of homoclinic points and the construction of \(D\) involves a choice of a certain continuous function \(\omega_0\) to encode the dynamics. That \(D\) for \(S\) fits also for \(R_S\), i.e., a crossed product of \(S\) by a unitarily implemented action of \(\varphi\) on \(\mathcal{H}\) . The triples are \(\theta\)-summable (see, e.g., [\textit{A. Rennie}, K-Theory 31, No. 1, 71--100 (2004; Zbl 1052.46055)]), since \(\operatorname{tr}(ae^{-t(1+D^2)})<\infty\) for \(t>0\) and sufficiently many \(a\in A\). Moreover, if \(\omega_0\) is taken locally Lipschitz, then \(\lambda^{D}\) is also a Dirac operator fit for \(A=S\), where \(\lambda>1\) is the expansion constant for \(\varphi\). Then the topological entropy of \((X,\varphi)\) determines \(\inf\{s: \operatorname{tr}(a(1+\lambda^{2D})^{-s/2})<\infty\}\).











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