Stable reflexive sheaves and localization

DOI10.1016/J.JPAA.2016.10.018MaRDI QIDQ1684744zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 12 December 2017

Published in Journal of Pure and Applied Algebra (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1308.3688

Euler numbers localizations T-equivariant reflexive sheaves toric 3-folds

Algebraic moduli problems, moduli of vector bundles (14D20) Sheaves in algebraic geometry (14F06) Toric varieties, Newton polyhedra, Okounkov bodies (14M25)

Abstract: We study moduli spaces

m a t h c a l N

of rank 2 stable reflexive sheaves on

m a t h b b P^{3}

. Fixing Chern classes

c_{1}

,

c_{2}

, and summing over

c_{3}

, we consider the generating function

m a t h s f Z^{m a t h r m r e f l} (q)

of Euler characteristics of such moduli spaces. The action of the torus

T

on

m a t h b b P^{3}

lifts to

m a t h c a l N

and we classify all sheaves in

m a t h c a l N^{T}

. This leads to an explicit expression for

m a t h s f Z^{m a t h r m r e f l} (q)

. Since

c_{3}

is bounded below and above,

m a t h s f Z^{m a t h r m r e f l} (q)

is a polynomial. We find a simple formula for its leading term when

c_{1} = - 1

. Next, we study moduli spaces of rank 2 stable torsion free sheaves on

m a t h b b P^{3}

and consider the generating function of Euler characteristics of such moduli spaces. We give an expression for this generating function in terms of

m a t h s f Z^{m a t h r m r e f l} (q)

and Euler characteristics of Quot schemes of certain

T

-equivariant reflexive sheaves, which are studied elsewhere. Many techniques of this paper apply to any toric 3-fold. In general,

m a t h s f Z^{m a t h r m r e f l} (q)

depends on the choice of polarization which leads to wall-crossing phenomena. We briefly illustrate this in the case of

m a t h b b P^{2} i m e s m a t h b b P^{1}

.

Review text

The paper studies the moduli space \(\mathcal{N}(2,c_1,c_2,c_3)\) of rank 2 \(\mu\)-stable reflexive sheaves on \(\mathbb{P}^3\). The action of the torus \(T\) on \(\mathbb{P}^3\) lifts to \(\mathcal{N}(2,c_1,c_2,c_3)\). With the first and second Chern classes fixed, the authors compute the generating function \(Z_{c_1,c_2}^{refl}(q):=\sum_{c_3}e(\mathcal{N}(2,c_1,c_2,c_3))q^{c_3}\) by counting the \(T\)-fixed points in \(\mathcal{N}(2,c_1,c_2,c_3)\). Every \(T\)-equivariant rank 2 reflexive sheaf on \(\mathbb{P}^3\) can be described by its toric data \[(\mathbf{u},\mathbf{v},\mathbf{p}):=\{(u_i,v_i,p_i)\}_{i=1,2,3,4},\] where \(u_i\in\mathbb{Z},v_i\in\mathbb{Z}_{\geq 0}\) and \(p_i\in Gr(1,2)\cong\mathbb{P}^2\). Every \(T\)-fixed sheaf has a unique \(T\)-equivariant structure with \(u_1=u_2=u_3=0\) in the toric data. Therefore the number of \(T\)-fixed points in \(\mathcal{N}(2,c_1,c_2,c_3)\) can be obtained by counting the toric data with extra condition \(u_1=u_2=u_3=0\) which turns out to be a combinatorial problem. The authors classify \(T\)-equivariant rank 2 reflexive sheaves into three types by their toric data. The final formula of \(Z_{c_1,c_2}^{refl}(q)\) is given by counting sheaves of each type and adding the numbers together. Another result of the paper is that the third Chern class \(c_3\) of any rank 2 reflexive sheaf must be non-negative and must have an upper bound given by \(c_1\) and \(c_2\). Moreover, the authors reprove the Hartshorne inequality for \(T\)-equivariant cases, which gives explicit upper bounds for \(c_3\). Those results imply that \(Z_{c_1,c_2}^{refl}(q)\) is a polynomial. Let \(\mathcal{M}(2,c_1,c_2,c_3)\) be the moduli space of rank 2 \(\mu\)-stable sheaves. If one wants to deduce the generating function \(Z_{c_1}(p,q):=\sum_{c_2,c_3}e(\mathcal{M}(2,c_1,c_2,c_3))p^{c_2}q^{c_3}\) from \(Z_{c_1}^{refl}(p,q):=\sum_{c_2}Z_{c_1,c_2}^{refl}(q)p^{c_2}\), one need study the Euler numbers of some Quot-schemes. The paper deals with the case \(c_1=-1,c_2=1\) and gives a closed formula. For a general case, it could be very complicated. Finally, the authors discuss briefly the generalization of the technics of this paper to any smooth projective toric 3-fold. Also, they look at the wall-crossing phenomena. But this is a short chapter and no concrete result is provided.

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