Stochastic spatial models in ecology: a statistical physics approach
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Dynamic and nonequilibrium phase transitions (general) in statistical mechanics (82C26) Dynamics of random walks, random surfaces, lattice animals, etc. in time-dependent statistical mechanics (82C41) Dynamics of disordered systems (random Ising systems, etc.) in time-dependent statistical mechanics (82C44) Statistical mechanics of random media, disordered materials (including liquid crystals and spin glasses) (82D30) Population dynamics (general) (92D25) Ecology (92D40)
Abstract: Ecosystems display a complex spatial organization. Ecologists have long tried to characterize them by looking at how different measures of biodiversity change across spatial scales. Ecological neutral theory has provided simple predictions accounting for general empirical patterns in communities of competing species. However, while neutral theory in well-mixed ecosystems is mathematically well understood, spatial models still present several open problems, limiting the quantitative understanding of spatial biodiversity. In this review, we discuss the state of the art in spatial neutral theory. We emphasize the connection between spatial ecological models and the physics of non-equilibrium phase transitions and how concepts developed in statistical physics translate in population dynamics, and vice versa. We focus on non-trivial scaling laws arising at the critical dimension D = 2 of spatial neutral models, and their relevance for biological populations inhabiting two-dimensional environments. We conclude by discussing models incorporating non-neutral effects in the form of spatial and temporal disorder, and analyze how their predictions deviate from those of purely neutral theories.
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Cited in
(18)- A geometric approach to scaling individual distributions to macroecological patterns
- Statistical mechanics unifies different ecological patterns
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