Successive normalization of rectangular arrays

DOI10.1214/09-AOS743MaRDI QIDQ973881zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Richard A. Olshen, Bala Rajaratnam

Publication date 26 May 2010

Published in The Annals of Statistics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1010.0520

zbMATH Keywords

backwards martingale convergence theoremnormalizationstandardization

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Strong limit theorems (60F15) Martingales and classical analysis (60G46) Characterization and structure theory for multivariate probability distributions; copulas (62H05) Multivariate analysis (62H99)

Abstract: Standard statistical techniques often require transforming data to have mean $0$ and standard deviation $1$. Typically, this process of "standardization" or "normalization" is applied across subjects when each subject produces a single number. High throughput genomic and financial data often come as rectangular arrays where each coordinate in one direction concerns subjects who might have different status (case or control, say), and each coordinate in the other designates "outcome" for a specific feature, for example, "gene," "polymorphic site" or some aspect of financial profile. It may happen, when analyzing data that arrive as a rectangular array, that one requires BOTH the subjects and the features to be "on the same footing." Thus there may be a need to standardize across rows and columns of the rectangular matrix. There arises the question as to how to achieve this double normalization. We propose and investigate the convergence of what seems to us a natural approach to successive normalization which we learned from our colleague Bradley Efron. We also study the implementation of the method on simulated data and also on data that arose from scientific experimentation.

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Cited in

(5)

• Successive standardization of rectangular arrays
• Detecting column dependence when rows are correlated and estimating the strength of the row correlation
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• High-dimensional Gaussian graphical models on network-linked data
• Coseparable Nonnegative Matrix Factorization

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