Supertropical Quadratic Forms II

MaRDI QIDQ6262578zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Zur Izhakian, Manfred Knebusch, Louis Rowen

Publication date 10 June 2015

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Vector spaces, linear dependence, rank, lineability (15A03) Theory of matrix inversion and generalized inverses (15A09) Determinants, permanents, traces, other special matrix functions (15A15) Semirings (16Y60) Inverse semigroups (20M18) Polyhedra and polytopes; regular figures, division of spaces (51M20)

Abstract: This article is a sequel of [4], where we introduced quadratic forms on a module~ $V$ over a supertropical semiring $R$ and analysed the set of bilinear companions of a quadratic form $q:VoR$ in case that the module $V$ is free, with fairly complete results if $R$ is a supersemifield. Given such a companion $b$ we now classify the pairs of vectors in $V$ in terms of $(q,b).$ This amounts to a kind of tropical trigonometry with a sharp distinction between the cases that a sort of Cauchy-Schwarz inequality holds or fails. We apply this to study the supertropicalizations (cf. [4]) of a quadratic form on a free module $X$ over a field in the simplest cases of interest where $rk(X)=2$. In the last part of the paper we start exploiting the fact that the free module $V$ as above has a unique base up to permutations and multiplication by units of $R$, and moreover~$V$ carries a so called minimal (partial) ordering. Under mild restriction on~$R$ we determine all $q$-minimal vectors in $V$, i.e., the vectors $xinV$ for which $q(x^{\prime })<q(x)$ whenever $x^{\prime }<x.$

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