Testing permutation properties through subpermutations

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Abstract: A permutation sequence (sigman)ninmathbbN is said to be convergent if, for every fixed permutation au, the density of occurrences of au in the elements of the sequence converges. We prove that such a convergent sequence has a natural limit object, namely a Lebesgue measurable function Z:[0,1]2o[0,1] with the additional properties that, for every fixed xin[0,1], the restriction Z(x,cdot) is a cumulative distribution function and, for every yin[0,1], the restriction Z(cdot,y) satisfies a "mass" condition. This limit process is well-behaved: every function in the class of limit objects is a limit of some permutation sequence, and two of these functions are limits of the same sequence if and only if they are equal almost everywhere. An important ingredient in the proofs is a new model of random permutations, which generalizes previous models and is interesting for its own sake.









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