The q-unit circle
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The $q$-unit circle
Farey sequences; the sequences (1^k, 2^k, dots) (11B57) Quadratic forms over global rings and fields (11E12) Forms of degree higher than two (11E76) Modular and automorphic functions (11F03) Approximation in non-Archimedean valuations (11J61) Cyclotomic extensions (11R18) Cyclotomic function fields (class groups, Bernoulli objects, etc.) (11R60) Cyclotomy (11T22) Circle packings and discrete conformal geometry (52C26)
Abstract: We define the unit circle for global function fields. We demonstrate that this unit circle (endearingly termed the emph{-unit circle}, after the finite field of elements) enjoys all of the properties akin to the classical unit circle: center, curvature, roots of unity in completions, integrality conditions, embedding into a finite-dimensional vector space over the real line, a partition of the ambient space into concentric circles, M"{o}bius transformations, a Dirichlet approximation theorem, a reciprocity law, and much more. We extend the exponential action of Carlitz by polynomials to an action by the real line. We show that mutually tangent horoballs solve a Descartes-type relation arising from reciprocity. We define the hyperbolic plane, which we prove is uniquely determined by the -unit circle. We give the associated modular forms and Eisenstein series.
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