The ABC of hyper recursions

DOI10.1016/J.CAM.2005.01.041MaRDI QIDQ818259zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Amparo Gil, Javier Segura, Nico M. Temme

Publication date 24 March 2006

Published in Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0410057

zbMATH Keywords

Difference equationsHypergeometric functionsNumerical evaluation of special functionsRecursion relations

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Classical hypergeometric functions, ({}_2F_1) (33C05) Computation of special functions and constants, construction of tables (65D20)

Abstract: Each family of Gauss hypergeometric functions ${\displaystyle }$ f_n={}_2F_1(a+epsilon_1n, b+epsilon_2n ;c+epsilon_3n; z), ${\displaystyle }$ for fixed $epsilo{n}_j=0,pm1$ (not all $epsilo{n}_j$ equal to zero) satisfies a second order linear difference equation of the form ${\displaystyle }$ A_nf_{n-1}+B_nf_n+C_nf_{n+1}=0. ${\displaystyle }$ Because of symmetry relations and functional relations for the Gauss functions, many of the 26 cases (for different $epsilo{n}_j$ values) can be transformed into each other. We give a set of basic equations from which all other equations can be obtained. For each basic equation, we study the existence of minimal solutions and the character of $f_n$ (minimal or dominant) as $nopminfty$. A second independent solution is given in each basic case which is dominant when $f_n$ is minimal and vice-versa. In this way, satisfactory pairs of linearly independent solutions for each of the 26 second order linear difference equations can be obtained.

Review text

Some of the three-term relations between associated Gaussian hypergeometric functions are also second-order linear difference equations of the form \[ A_{n} f_{n-1}+ B_{n} f_{n}+ C_{n} f_{n+1}=0. \tag{\(*\)} \] The authors consider \[ f_{n}=\,_{2}F_{1}[ a+\varepsilon _{1}n,b+ \varepsilon _{2}n;c+ \varepsilon _{3}n;z] ,\qquad \varepsilon _{1}, \varepsilon _{2},\varepsilon _{3}\in \{ -1,0,1\} . \] From elementary properties of \(_{2}F_{1}\) it is shown that out of the 26 non-zero triples \(( \varepsilon _{1},\varepsilon _{2},\varepsilon _{3}) \) only five have to be considered. In these cases, a number of details are given, notably \( A_{n},B_{n},C_{n}\)\ in terms of \(a,b,c,z;\) also, second solutions to \(( \ast ) \) are obtained by the aid of the transformations to functions of \(1-z\) and \(1/z.\) Moreover, numerical aspects (e.g., stability) are discussed. As an example, they consider \( f_{n}=\,_{2}F_{1}[ \frac{2}{3},1;\frac{4}{3}+n;\exp ( \frac{1}{3}\pi \text{i)}] .\) The power series is ill-suited for computation of \(f_{0}\) but it works well for \(f_{29}\) and \( f_{30};\) and from these values \(f_{0}\) is eventually obtained by backward recursion by means of \(( \ast ) .\) The result agrees well with the exact value of \(f_{0}\) in terms of \(\Gamma (\frac{1}{3})\) and \(\Gamma (\frac{2}{3}).\)

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Cites work

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Cited in

(11)

• A three-term recurrence relation for accurate evaluation of transition probabilities of the simple birth-and-death process
• Identifying minimal and dominant solutions for Kummer recursions
• Numerically satisfactory solutions of hypergeometric recursions
• Uniform asymptotic expansions for hypergeometric functions with large parameters. III
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3969244 (Why is no real title available?)
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 4096083 (Why is no real title available?)
• \textit{À la carte} recurrence relations for continuous and discrete hypergeometric functions
• Grand confluent hypergeometric function applying reversible three-term recurrence formula
• Numerical methods for the computation of the confluent and Gauss hypergeometric functions
• Numerical evaluation of the Gauss hypergeometric function by power summations
• Computation of power law equilibrium measures on balls of arbitrary dimension

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