The BSSN formulation is a partially constrained evolution system

DOI10.1142/S0218271810016312MaRDI QIDQ3559204zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Adrian P. Gentle

Publication date 12 May 2010

Published in International Journal of Modern Physics D (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/0707.0339

zbMATH Keywords

BSSNconstraintnumericalrelativity

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Computational methods for problems pertaining to relativity and gravitational theory (83-08) Einstein's equations (general structure, canonical formalism, Cauchy problems) (83C05) Gravitational energy and conservation laws; groups of motions (83C40)

Abstract: Relativistic simulations in 3+1 dimensions typically monitor the Hamiltonian and momentum constraints during evolution, with significant violations of these constraints indicating the presence of instabilities. In this paper we rewrite the momentum constraints as first-order evolution equations, and show that the popular BSSN formulation of the Einstein equations explicitly uses the momentum constraints as evolution equations. We conjecture that this feature is a key reason for the relative success of the BSSN formulation in numerical relativity.

Recommendations

• BSSN in spherical symmetry
• The constraints as evolution equations for numerical relativity
• Covariant formulations of Baumgarte, Shapiro, Shibata, and Nakamura and the standard gauge
• On the stability of covariant BSSN formulation
• BSSN equations in spherical coordinates without regularization

Cites work

• Evolution of three-dimensional gravitational waves: harmonic slicing case
• Hamiltonian relaxation
• Momentum constraint relaxation
• Numerical integration of Einstein's field equations
• Numerical relativity: A review
• Simulation of binary black hole spacetimes with a harmonic evolution scheme

Cited in

(3)

• Covariant formulations of Baumgarte, Shapiro, Shibata, and Nakamura and the standard gauge
• BSSN in spherical symmetry
• On the stability of covariant BSSN formulation

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