The C-Numerical Range for Schatten-Class Operators

Abstract: We generalize the

C

-numerical range

W_{C} (T)

from trace-class to Schatten-class operators, i.e. to

C i n m a t h c a l B^{p} (m a t h c a l H)

and

T i n m a t h c a l B^{q} (m a t h c a l H)

with

1 / p + 1 / q = 1

, and show that its closure is always star-shaped with respect to the origin. For

q i n (1, i n f t y]

, this is equivalent to saying that the closure of the image of the unitary orbit of

T i n m a t h c a l B^{q} (m a t h c a l H)

under any continous linear functional

L i n (m a t h c a l B^{q} (m a t h c a l H))^{'}

is star-shaped with respect to the origin. For

q = 1

, one has star-shapedness with respect to

o p e r a t o r n a m e t r (T) W_{e} (L)

, where

W_{e} (L)

denotes the essential range of

L

. Moreover, the closure of

W_{C} (T)

is convex if

C

or

T

is normal with collinear eigenvalues. If

C

and

T

are both normal, then the

C

-spectrum of

T

is a subset of the

C

-numerical range, which itself is a subset of the closure of the convex hull of the

C

-spectrum. This closure coincides with the closure of the

C

-numerical range if, in addition, the eigenvalues of

C

or

T

are collinear.

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