The Fourier transform of a projective group frame

DOI10.1016/J.ACHA.2018.11.004MaRDI QIDQ2175014zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 27 April 2020

Published in Applied and Computational Harmonic Analysis (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1806.06067

Fourier transform Gramian matrix group matrix projective group frame

Projective representations and multipliers (20C25) General harmonic expansions, frames (42C15) Other transforms and operators of Fourier type (43A32)

Abstract: Many tight frames of interest are constructed via their Gramian matrix (which determines the frame up to unitary equivalence). Given such a Gramian, it can be determined whether or not the tight frame is projective group frame, i.e., is the projective orbit of some group

G

(which may not be unique). On the other hand, there is complete description of the projective group frames in terms of the irreducible projective representations of

G

. Here we consider the inverse problem of taking the Gramian of a projective group frame for a group

G

, and identifying the cocycle and constructing the frame explicitly as the projective group orbit of a vector

v

(decomposed in terms of the irreducibles). The key idea is to recognise that the Gramian is a group matrix given by a vector

f i n m a t h b b C^{G}

, and to take the Fourier transform of

f

to obtain the components of

v

as orthogonal projections. This requires the development of a theory of group matrices and the Fourier transform for projective representations. Of particular interest, we give a block diagonalisation of (projective) group matrices. This leads to a unique Fourier decomposition of the group matrices, and a further fine-scale decomposition into low rank group matrices.

Review text

A projective group frame is the orbit \(\rho(G)v\) of a nonzero vector \(v\) under a projective representation \(\rho\) of a finite group \(G\). These are stated to be of interest in many areas -- e.g. mutually unbiased bases, spherical \(t\)-designs etc. The present paper studies them via the Gramian matrices of the representations. A complete description of the projective group frames in terms of the irreducible projective representations of \(G\) is known. The problem considered here is that of starting with the Gramian of a projective group frame for a group \(G\), and identifying the cocycle and constructing the frame explicitly as the projective group orbit of a vector \(v\). Given a Gramian \(P\), the author gives a concrete construction of a projective group frame whose associated Gramian matrix is \(P\). In the author's words: ``The key idea is to recognise that the Gramian is a group matrix given by a vector \(f\in \mathbb C^G\), and to take the Fourier transform of \(f\) to obtain the components of \(v\) as orthogonal projections. The Fourier transform for projective representations is studied for this purpose. For any cocycle \(\alpha\) on \(G\), the author defines a \((G,\alpha)\)-matrix and it is shown that the set of such matrices form a \(C^*\)-algebra \(M_{(G,\alpha)}\). A unique Fourier decomposition of group matrices is given. It is proved that the Gramian determines a projective group frame up to unitary equivalence and shows that tight projective group frames correspond to projections. The Klein four-group and the dihedral groups are discussed as examples.

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