The Smith normal form distribution of a random integer matrix

DOI10.1137/16M1098140MaRDI QIDQ5371015zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Yinghui Wang, Richard P. Stanley

Publication date 24 October 2017

Published in SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1506.00160

Smith normal form greatest common divisor distribution random integer matrix

Permutations, words, matrices (05A05) Random matrices (probabilistic aspects) (60B20) Polynomials in number theory (11C08) Matrices, determinants in number theory (11C20) Matrices over special rings (quaternions, finite fields, etc.) (15B33) Canonical forms, reductions, classification (15A21) Multiplicative structure; Euclidean algorithm; greatest common divisors (11A05)

Abstract: We show that the density

m u

of the Smith normal form (SNF) of a random integer matrix exists and equals a product of densities

m u_{p^{s}}

of SNF over

m a t h b b Z / p^{s} m a t h b b Z

with

p

a prime and

s

some positive integer. Our approach is to connect the SNF of a matrix with the greatest common divisors (gcds) of certain polynomials of matrix entries, and develop the theory of multi-gcd distribution of polynomial values at a random integer vector. We also derive a formula for

m u_{p^{s}}

and compute the density

m u

for several interesting types of sets. Finally, we determine the maximum and minimum of

m u_{p^{s}}

and establish its monotonicity properties and limiting behaviors.

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