The Structure of Models of Second-order Set Theories

Publication date 25 April 2018

Nonclassical and second-order set theories (03E70)

Abstract: This dissertation is a contribution to the project of second-order set theory, which has seen a revival in recent years. The approach is to understand second-order set theory by studying the structure of models of second-order set theories. The main results are the following, organized by chapter. First, I investigate the poset of

T

-realizations of a fixed countable model of

m a t h s f Z F C

, where

T

is a reasonable second-order set theory such as

m a t h s f G B C

or

m a t h s f K M

, showing that it has a rich structure. In particular, every countable partial order embeds into this structure. Moreover, we can arrange so that these embedding preserve the existence/nonexistence of upper bounds, at least for finite partial orders. Second I generalize some constructions of Marek and Mostowski from

m a t h s f K M

to weaker theories. They showed that every model of

m a t h s f K M

plus the Class Collection schema "unrolls" to a model of

m a t h s f {Z F C}^{-}

with a largest cardinal. I calculate the theories of the unrolling for a variety of second-order set theories, going as weak as

m a t h s f G B C + m a t h s f E T R

. I also show that being

T

-realizable goes down to submodels for a broad selection of second-order set theories

T

. Third, I show that there is a hierarchy of transfinite recursion principles ranging in strength from

m a t h s f G B C

to

m a t h s f K M

. This hierarchy is ordered first by the complexity of the properties allowed in the recursions and second by the allowed heights of the recursions. Fourth, I investigate the question of which second-order set theories have least models. I show that strong theories---such as

m a t h s f K M

or

P i_{1}^{1} e x t - m a t h s f C A

---do not have least transitive models while weaker theories---from

m a t h s f G B C

to

m a t h s f G B C + m a t h s f {E T R}_{m} a t h r m O r d

---do have least transitive models.

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