The combinatorics of weighted vector compositions

DOI10.4310/JOC.2019.V10.N2.A7MaRDI QIDQ1713789zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Steffen Eger

Publication date 28 January 2019

Published in Journal of Combinatorics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1704.04964

zbMATH Keywords

congruencespartial derivativessum of random variablesvector compositionweighted composition

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Factorials, binomial coefficients, combinatorial functions (05A10) Exact enumeration problems, generating functions (05A15) Combinatorial aspects of partitions of integers (05A17) Elementary theory of partitions (11P81) Partitions; congruences and congruential restrictions (11P83)

Abstract: A vector composition of a vector $mathbfell$ is a matrix $mathbfA$ whose rows sum to $mathbfell$. We define a weighted vector composition as a vector composition in which the column values of $mathbfA$ may appear in different colors. We study vector compositions from different viewpoints: (1) We show how they are related to sums of random vectors and (2) how they allow to derive formulas for partial derivatives of composite functions. (3) We study congruence properties of the number of weighted vector compositions, for fixed and arbitrary number of parts, many of which are analogous to those of ordinary binomial coefficients and related quantities. Via the Central Limit Theorem and their multivariate generating functions, (4) we also investigate the asymptotic behavior of several special cases of numbers of weighted vector compositions. Finally, (5) we conjecture an extension of a primality criterion due to Mann and Shanks in the context of weighted vector compositions.

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