The geometry of two generator groups: hyperelliptic handlebodies

Coverings of curves, fundamental group (14H30) Discrete subgroups of Lie groups (22E40) Compact Riemann surfaces and uniformization (30F10) Fuchsian groups and automorphic functions (aspects of compact Riemann surfaces and uniformization) (30F35) Kleinian groups (aspects of compact Riemann surfaces and uniformization) (30F40)

Abstract: For two generator free Fuchsian groups, the quotient three manifold is a genus two solid handlebody and its boundary is a hyperelliptic Riemann surface. The convex core is also a hyperelliptic Riemann surface. We find the Weierstrass points of both of these surfaces. We then generalize the notion of a hyperelliptic Riemann surface to a ``hyperelliptic three manifold. We show that the handlebody has a unique order two isometry fixing six unique geodesic line segments, which we call the {sl Weierstrass lines} of the handlebody. The Weierstrass lines are, of course, the analogue of the Weierstrass points on the boundary surface. Further, we show that the manifold is foliated by surfaces equidistant from the convex core, each fixed by the isometry of order two. The restriction of this involution to the equidistant surface fixes six {sl generalized Weierstrass points} on the surface.

Review text

Let \(G\) be a finitely generated Kleinian group. Then \(G\) acts on the hyperbolic three space \(\mathbb H^3\) and its boundary \(\hat{\mathbb C}\), and induces several objects, e.g., the region of discontinuity \(\Omega(G)\), the limit set \(\Lambda(G)\), the convex hull \({\mathcal C}(G)\) of \(\Lambda(G)\) in \(\mathbb H^3\), and, for Fuchsian case, the Nielsen region \(K(G)\). Moreover, the quotient spaces such as the Riemann surfaces \(\Omega(G)/G\), the solid handle body \(\bar{H}\), the convex core \({\mathcal C}(G)/G\), and the Nielsen kernel \(K(G)/G\) appear. In this paper the authors consider the relations of these quotient spaces for a free two generator Fuchsian group. For a Fuchsian group of the second kind, the authors study the Schottky double \(S\), which is the conformal double of \(\Delta/G\), and the Nielsen double \(S_K\), which is the conformal double of \(K(G)/G\). Then a relation between the Nielsen kernel and the Schottky double are obtained with respect to the funnels and the involution induced by the reflection in \(\partial \Delta\). A Fuchsian group of the second kind with invariant disc \(\Delta\) acts on the hyperbolic plane \(\mathbb P\) in \(\mathbb H^3\) with horizon \(\partial \Delta\). Then the Nielsen double \(S_{K_{\mathbb P}}\), the convex hull \({\mathcal C}(G)\) and the convex core \(N\) of \(H\) are induced. The authors show that the convex core \(N\) with the intrinsic metric is the image of the Nielsen double \(S_K\) with the intrinsic metric under a pleating map. The handle body \(H\) is described as \({\mathcal S}\times I\), where \({\mathcal S}\) is a compact surface of genus two and \(I\) is the interval \([0,\infty]\) such that \(({\mathcal S}, 0)=N\), \(({\mathcal S}, \infty)=S\), and \(({\mathcal S}, s)\) are equidistance surfaces at hyperbolic distance \(s\) from \(N\). Then there exists a unique order two isometry \(j\) of \(H\) (the hyperelliptic isometry). The involution \(j\) fixes six geodesic line segments of \(H\) (the Weierstrass lines). The surface \(({\mathcal S},s)\) is invariant under \(j\) and has six fixed points of \(j\) (the generalized Weierstrass points). On \(({\mathcal S},s)\) there exists an orientation reversing involution that fixes curves through the generalized Weierstrass points. For a two generator Fuchsian group, the authors treat the stopping generators, which are obtained by the discreteness algorithm, according as the axes of the generators are disjoint or not.

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