The intersection graph of an orientable generic surface

DOI10.2140/AGT.2017.17.1675MaRDI QIDQ2398831zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Doron Ben Hadar

Publication date 21 August 2017

Published in Algebraic \& Geometric Topology (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1412.4340

zbMATH Keywords

generic surfacesimmersed surfaces in 3-manifoldsintersection graph

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Embeddings and immersions in topological manifolds (57N35) Neighborhoods of submanifolds (57N40) General position and transversality (57N75)

Abstract: I answer an open question left by Gui-Song Li in "On self-intersections of immersed surfaces" (AMS Proceedings, Volume 126, 1998, pp.3721-3726.) The intersection graph $M(i)$ of a generic surface $i:Fo{S}^3$ is the set of values which are either singularities or intersections. It is a multigraph whose edges are transverse intersections of two surfaces and whose vertices are triple intersections and cross-caps. $M(i)$ has an additional structure which Li called "a daisy graph." If F is oriented then the orientation further refines $M(i)$'s structure into what Li called an "arrowed daisy graph." Li left the open question "which arrowed daisy graphs can be realized as the intersection graph of an oriented generic surface?" The main theorem of this article will answer this. I will also provide some generalizations and extensions to this theorem in sections 4 and 5.

Review text

Let \(F\) be a compact surface and \(M\) a \(3\)-manifold (possibly with boundaries). If \(i:F\rightarrow M\) is a generic surface, then its \textit{intersection graph} \(M(i)\) is defined as the closure of the set \(\{p\in i(F): |i^{-1}(p)|>1\}\), i.e., \(M(i)\) is the set of all self-intersection points and singularities of the surface. If both \(F\) and \(M\) are oriented, then \(M(i)\) has the structure of a so-called \textit{arrowed daisy graph}. In [\textit{G.-S. Li}, Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 126, No. 12, 3721--3726 (1998; Zbl 0899.57018)], the following question was proposed: Which arrowed daisy graphs can be realized as the intersection graphs of oriented generic surfaces? In the paper under review, a complete characterization of such graphs is given. The author distinguishes two cases in the consideration, depending on whether or not all homology classes of \(M\) are of finite order. In the first case (when \(H_*(M)\) contains no element of infinite order), the key property of a realizable arrowed daisy graph turns out to be the existence of a certain kind of grading of its edges.

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Cites work

• Lifting a generic surface in 3-space to an embedded surface in 4-space
• On self-intersections of immersed surfaces
• Semiregular surfaces with a single triple-point
• The Euler Characteristic of a Generic Wavefront in a 3-Manifold
• Towards a classical knot theory for surfaces in \(R^ 4\).
• Triple points of immersed surfaces in three dimensional manifolds

Cited in

(1)

• On self-intersections of immersed surfaces

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