The periodic complex method in interpolation spaces
We shall briefly recall the famous complex method construction introduced by \textit{A. P. Calderón} [Stud. Math. 24, 113--190 (1964; Zbl 0204.13703)] and its ``periodic variant, apparently first studied by \textit{J. Peetre} [Rend. Sem. Mat. Univ. Padova 46 (1971), 173--190 (1972; Zbl 0233.46047)]. Let \((A_0, A_1)\) be a couple of two complex Banach spaces that are both continuously embedded in some topological Hausdorff vector space. The space \(\mathcal{F}^{\infty}(A_0,A_1)\) consists of all bounded and continuous \((A_0+A_1)\)-valued functions \(f(z)\) on the strip \(0\leqslant\Re z\leqslant1\) which are analytic in the interior \(0<\Re z<1\), for which \(t\mapsto f(j+it)\) is a continuous and bounded \(A_j\)-valued function of the real variable \(t\), \(j=0,1\); \(\mathcal{F}^{\infty}(A_0,A_1)\), equipped with the norm \[ \left\|{f}\right\|_{\mathcal{F}^{\infty}}=\max\Bigl\{\sup_{t\in\mathbb{R}}\left\|{f(it)}\right\|_{A_0},\, \sup_{t\in\mathbb{R}}\left\|{f(1+it)}\right\|_{A_1}\Bigr\}, \] is a Banach space. The space \(\mathcal{F}(A_0,A_1)\) is the closed subspace of \(\mathcal{F}^{\infty}(A_0,A_1)\) defined by the additional conditions \[ \lim_{\left|{t}\right|\to\infty}\left\|{f(j+it)}\right\|_{A_j}=0\;\;\text{for}\;\;j=0,1. \] Following Calderón [loc. cit.], for each \(0<\theta<1\), the complex interpolation space \([A_0,A_1]_{\theta}\) consists of all \(a\in A_0+A_1\) of the form \(a=f(\theta)\) for some \(f\in\mathcal{F}(A_0,A_1)\). This is a Banach space endowed with the norm: \[ \left\|{a}\right\|_{[A_0,A_1]_{\theta}}=\inf\bigl\{\left\|{f}\right\|_{\mathcal{F}}\,:\, f\in\mathcal{F}(A_0,A_1),\;f(\theta)=a\bigr\}. \] Replacing \(\mathcal{F}\) by \(\mathcal{F}^{\infty}\) in Calderón's definition of \([A_0,A_1]_{\theta}\) changes neither the space defined nor the norm of any of its elements. For each fixed \(\lambda>0\), one may then define the ``periodic interpolation space \([A_0,A_1]_{\theta}^{\lambda}\) analogously to \([A_0,A_1]_{\theta}\) just by replacing \(\mathcal{F}^{\infty}\) with \(\mathcal{F}^{\lambda}\), where the space \(\mathcal{F}_{\lambda}(A_0,A_1)\) is the closed subspace of \(\mathcal{F}^{\infty}(A_0,A_1)\) defined by the additional condition \(f(z)=f(z+i\lambda)\) for all \(z\) in the strip \(0\leqslant\Re z\leqslant1\). \textit{M. Cwikel} showed [Indiana Univ. Math. J. 27, 1005--1009 (1978; Zbl 0409.46067)] that \([A_0,A_1]_{\theta}^{\lambda}\) is the same as the classical complex method space \([A_0,A_1]_{\theta}\) and, moreover, there exists \(C=C(\lambda,\theta)\) such that \[ \left\|{a}\right\|_{[A_0,A_1]_{\theta}}\leqslant\left\|{a}\right\|_{[A_0,A_1]^{\lambda}_{\theta}}\leqslant C \left\|{a}\right\|_{[A_0,A_1]_{\theta}} \] for all \(a\in[A_0,A_1]_{\theta}\). Cwikel also proved that in general no uniform upper bound for the constant \(C\) as \(\lambda\) approaches zero can exist. Here, the author proves that for each fixed \(\lambda>0\) the equivalence constant \(C\) can be chosen to be independent of the choice of \(0<\theta<1\). He also shows that this same equivalence constant approaches \(1\) as \(\lambda\to\infty\). In other words, this means that when applying the complex method of Calderón, it makes an~arbitrarily small difference if one restricts oneself to periodic functions, provided that the period is large enough.
- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 192914 (Why is no real title available?)
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- Intermediate spaces and interpolation, the complex method
- The periodic complex method in interpolation spaces
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