Tolerance relations and quantization

General nonassociative rings (17A99) Noncommutative differential geometry (46L87) Noncommutative geometry (à la Connes) (58B34) Noncommutative geometry in quantum theory (81R60)

Abstract: It is well known that "bad" quotient spaces (typically: non-Hausdorff) can be studied by associating to them the groupoid C*-algebra of an equivalence relation, that in the "nice" cases is Morita equivalent to the C*-algebra of continuous functions vanishing at infinity on the quotient space. It was recently proposed by A. Connes and W.D. van Suijlekom that a similar procedure for relations that are reflexive and symmetric but fail to be transitive (i.e. tolerance relations) leads to an operator system. In this paper we observe that such an operator system carries a natural product that, although in general non-associative, arises in a number of relevant examples. We relate this product to truncations of (C*-algebras of) topological spaces, discuss some geometric aspects and a connection with positive operator valued measures.

Review text

Recall that a tolerance relation is a reflexive and symmetric, but not necessarily transitive, relation \(R\subset X\times X\) on a set \(X\). When \(R\) is also transitive, i.e. an equivalence relation, it defines a groupoid with unit space \(X\), and a convolution algebra can be canonically constructed from functions on this groupoid (under various suitable technical conditions like \(X\) being discrete plus functions having a finite support). In this paper, the authors study a naturally extended notion of such convolution algebra for tolerance relations, which actually gives a (not necessarily associative) algebra structure to the operator system associated with a tolerance relation by Connes and van Suijlekom motivated by the coarse graining in physics and spectral truncation in noncommutative geometry. Various interesting examples including a positive operator valued measure are provided, and some connection to the truncation of algebras is made. Special attention is given to the case of a tolerance relation \(R\) on a finite set \(X\) with the associated convolution algebra denoted as \(A\left( R\right) \) and called the tolerance algebra associated to \(R\), including the study of positive elements, state space, and pure states for the algebra \(A\left( R\right) \).

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