Toth isotherm model

empirical adsorption isotherm for heterogeneous surfaces

deterministic model, dimensional model, mathematical model, nonlinear model, static model

Named after

Description

The Toth isotherm model is an empirical adsorption model developed to improve discrepancies between Langmuir predictions and experimental equilibrium data for heterogeneous adsorbents. It accounts for an asymmetric quasi-Gaussian distribution of adsorption energies and is suitable for Type I isotherms and for some multilayer adsorption situations. The model behaves correctly in both low- and high-concentration limits. It approaches the Langmuir isotherm when the heterogeneity parameter equals one. The Toth model is commonly used to represent adsorption processes in porous or energetically non-uniform materials.

Contained entities

Toth heterogeneity exponent constraint	$0 < m_{T} \leq 1$	constraint
	$m_{T}$ represents Toth heterogeneity exponent

Toth isotherm equation	$q_{e} = \frac{q_{m} C_{e}}{(\frac{1}{K_{T}} + C_{e}^{m_{T}})^{\frac{1}{m_{T}}}}$
	$q_{e}$ represents adsorbed solute (equilibrium)
	$C_{e}$ represents solute concentration (equilibrium)
	$q_{m}$ represents maximum monolayer adsorption capacity
	$K_{T}$ represents Toth equilibrium constant
	$m_{T}$ represents Toth heterogeneity exponent

Computational tasks

nonlinear parameter estimation (Toth model)

References

Adsorption and desorption of phenol on activated carbon and a comparison of isotherm models	(use)
Adsorption isotherm models for dye removal by cationized starch-based material in a single component system: error analysis	(use)
Calculation of the BET-Compatible Surface Area from Any Type I Isotherms Measured above the Critical Temperature	(invention)
Effective removal of hexavalent chromium from water by sustainable nano-scaled waste avocado seeds: adsorption isotherm, thermodynamics, kinetics, and error function	(use)
Monolayer and multilayer adsorption isotherm models for sorption from aqueous media	(review)
Probing adsorbent heterogeneity using Toth isotherms	(use)

Specializations

Langmuir isotherm model

Further links

Item	Property
chemical wastewater treatment	modelled by

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