Triangular decomposition of skein algebras

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Abstract: By introducing a finer version of the Kauffman bracket skein algebra, we show how to decompose the Kauffman bracket skein algebra of a surface into elementary blocks corresponding to the triangles in an ideal triangulation of the surface. The new skein algebra of an ideal triangle has a simple presentation. This gives an easy proof of the existence of the quantum trace map of Bonahon and Wong. We also explain the relation between our skein algebra and the one defined by Muller, and use it to show that the quantum trace map can be extended to the Muller skein algebra.


The introduction of the Jones polynomial constituted a great breakthrough in knot theory. Big portion of the development in knot theory from that pivotal moment is devoted to deeper understanding of this discovery. One such very important and fruitful development was due to Kauffman who introduced the skein rules, which (almost) recreate the Jones polynomial by getting rules allowing for removing crossings with certain weights assigned to different possible resolutions of the crossings, and to the trivial knots that are eventually left by the process defined by the application of the first of the rules. The Kauffman rules were used to introduce skein algebras by \textit{V. G. Turaev} [Ann. Sci. Éc. Norm. Supér. (4) 24, No. 6, 635--704 (1991; Zbl 0758.57011)] and \textit{J. H. Przytycki} [Kobe J. Math. 16, No. 1, 45--66 (1999; Zbl 0947.57017)]. A generalization of the latter is the subject of the paper under review. The generalization concerns manifolds which are Cartesian products of surfaces that might have punctures and boundaries with a unit interval. Many of such surfaces have ideal triangulations and the paper concerns this case. It is proposed that the skein algebras are related to skein algebras associated to triangles, and the latter are related to Chekhov-Fock algebras that are deformed versions of Poisson algebras associated to triangles. This way there is a simple inclusion of the skein algebra associated to the surface into the tensor product of Chekhov-Fock algebras associated to ideal triangles of the triangulation. However, this requires some extra conditions on top of the standard skein relation and the trivial loop relation in order to have consistency on the glued edges of the triangles. As a (very important) byproduct, a formula for the quantum trace map that generalizes the formula of \textit{F. Bonahon} and \textit{H. Wong} [Geom. Topol. 15, No. 3, 1569--1615 (2011; Zbl 1227.57003)] is found. Also, a relationship between the skein algebra by \textit{G. Muller} [Quantum Topol. 7, No. 3, 435--503 (2016; Zbl 1375.13038)] and the one introduced in the paper is found.




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