Twisted X-rays: incoming waveforms yielding discrete diffraction patterns for helical structures
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Abstract: Conventional X-ray methods use incoming plane waves and result in discrete diffraction patterns when scattered at crystals. Here we find, by a systematic method, incoming waveforms which exhibit discrete diffraction patterns when scattered at helical structures. As examples we present simulated diffraction patterns of carbon nanotubes and tobacco mosaic virus. The new incoming waveforms, which we call twisted waves due to their geometric shape, are found theoretically as closed-form solutions to Maxwell's equations. The theory of the ensuing diffraction patterns is developed in detail. A twisted analogue of the Von Laue condition is seen to hold, with the peak locations encoding the symmetry and the helix parameters, and the peak intensities indicating the electronic structure in the unit cell. If suitable twisted X-ray sources can in the future be realized experimentally, it appears from our mathematical results that they will provide a powerful tool for directly determining the detailed atomic structure of numerous biomolecules and nanostructures with helical symmetries. This would eliminate the need to crystallize those structures or their subunits.
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Cited in
(7)- Applied harmonic analysis and data processing. Abstracts from the workshop held March 25--31, 2018
- Scattering from a helical coil of circular cross section in the Rayleigh-Debye theory
- The Zak transform on strongly proper G-spaces and its applications
- Twisted X-rays: incoming waveforms yielding discrete diffraction patterns for helical structures
- Solution of the Schrödinger equation for quasi-one-dimensional materials using helical waves
- Korn type inequalities for objective structures
- Locally translation-isometric and multi-isometric sets as generalizations of objective structures
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