Unified multivariate trace estimation and quantum error mitigation

DOI10.1103/PHYSREVA.107.012606MaRDI QIDQ6424694zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Jin-Min Liang, Qiao-Qiao Lv, Zhi-Xi Wang, Shao-Ming Fei

Publication date 28 January 2023

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1103/PHYSREVA.107.012606

Abstract: Calculating the trace of the product of $m$ $n$-qubit density matrices (multivariate trace) is a crucial subroutine in quantum error mitigation and information measures estimation. We propose an unified multivariate trace estimation (UMT) which conceptually unifies the previous qubit-optimal and depth-optimal approaches with tunable quantum circuit depth and the number of qubits. The constructed circuits have $lceil(m-1)/sceil$ or $nlceil(m-1)/sceil$ depth corresponding to $(s+m)n$ or $s+mn$ qubits for $sin1,cdots,lfloorm/2floor$, respectively. Such flexible circuit structures enable people to choose suitable circuits according different hardware devices. We apply UMT to virtual distillation for achieving exponential error suppression and design a family of concrete circuits to calculate the trace of the product of $8$ and $9$ $n$-qubit density matrices. Numerical example shows that the additional circuits still mitigate the noise expectation value under the global depolarizing channel.

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